TDFU V2.4

DFU V2.4

 $ DIR EXAMPLE    Directory MYDISK:[RUBBISH]    EXAMPLE.DIR;1    $ DFU  &DFU> DELETE/DIRECTORY EXAMPLE.DIR    ;%DFU-I-CLEANUP, Deleting MYDISK:[RUBBISH]EXAMPLE.DIR;1...  +%DFU-S-DELETED, File DBGINI.COM;3 deleted  )%DFU-S-DELETED, File ICON.COM;1 deleted  +%DFU-S-DELETED, File I_FOOL.COM;1 deleted  .%DFU-S-DELETED, File LOGICALS.COM;51 deleted  +%DFU-S-DELETED, File LOGIN.COM;79 deleted  +%DFU-S-DELETED, File LOGOUT.COM;4 deleted  2%DFU-S-DELETED, File NOTE_COMPRESS.COM;3 deleted  +%DFU-S-DELETED, File SHOWCL.COM;3 deleted  -%DFU-S-DELETED, File SYMBOLS.COM;89 deleted  -%DFU-S-DELETED, File TPUBUILD.COM;5 deleted  "%DFU-S-TOTAL, 11 file(s) deleted  ,%DFU-S-DELETED, File EXAMPLE.DIR;1 deleted

/FILE=file-id

DSpecify a complete file-id (num,seq,rvn) of the file which must be deleted. FThis qualifier allows the deletion of lost files or files marked for ;delete. Example :

 $ DFU  DFU> VERIFY MYDISK:    -%DFU-S-CHKHOME, Home block info verified OK  '%DFU-I-IFSCAN, Scanning INDEXF.SYS...  J%DFU-E-INVBAKFID, file (86,17915,1) 0004CF04$BFS.;1 has invalid backlink  L%DFU-W-DELETED, file (537,2878,1) APPL_UTRYIT_BOOK.TMP;1 marked for delete   .   .   .    )DFU> DELETE MYDISK/FILE=(86,17915,1)  .%DFU-S-DELETED, File 0004CF04$BFS.;1 deleted    )DFU> DELETE MYDISK/FILE=(537,2878,1)  5%DFU-S-DELETED, File APPL_UTRYIT_BOOK.TMP;1 deleted

/KEEP

>Preserve the directory tree; only delete the contents. /KEEP :is only valid with the /DIRECTORY qualifier. /KEEP works %for DELETE/DIR and DELETE/DIR/TREE.

/NOLOG

CDo not log succesfull deletes to SYS$OUTPUT. /LOG is the default.

/NOREMOVE

>Can only be used with /FILE. Default DELETE/FILE will try to Cremove the file from the parent directory. If the file's backlink Dno longer points to a valid directory this will generate an error. @The /NOREMOVE qualifier overrules this behaviour allowing such files to be deleted.

/STATISTICS

GThis qualifier displays the performance statistics: CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults.

/TREE

BCan only be used with /DIRECTORY. The delete command will delete Hall subdirectories within the directory file specified. DFU will first Hsort out the subdirectory tree and than delete the files in the proper order. =Thus a complete directory tree is deleted with one command.

Chapter 7
DIRECTORY

?This chapter describes the DIRECTORY command with the related parameters and qualifiers. 4

7.1 Introduction

GThe DIRECTORY command offers 6 major functions. 3 functions deal with ?all directories on a disk, the other 3 functions are used for 6manipulating individual directories. These functions &are activated by special qualifiers:

Individual directory functions :
1. /COMPRESS : Rebuild one or more directory files. Directories Eare alphabetically sorted lists of filenames and file id's. Because file Hnames are randomly inserted and deleted, holes will occur in directory files. GSuch holes will only be reused if a file can be alphabetically fitted into <it. As a result directory files will grow. Especially MAIL subdirectories suffer from this behaviour. G
  To make matters worse directory files above 127 blocks will no longer be Bcached by the file system. This will degrade performance on such directories Idramatically. The COMPRESS function will rebuild the complete directory file. FThe /TEST qualifier can be used to preview the results of a possible COMPRESS command. E
2. /CREATE/ALLOCATE=n : Create a directory with a preallocated size Fof 'n' blocks. Note that 'n' will be rounded up to a multiple of the disks cluster size. E
3. /DUMP : Make a dump of the directory blocks and formats the output. @This option is usefull for debugging directory files which are suspected =or corrupted. This function is equivalent to the previously undocumented BVMS command DUMP/DIRECTORY, although the layout of the output is different.
/
Disk-wide directory functions :
1. /ALIAS : Scan all directories on the disk for alias file entries. 6
2. /EMPTY : Scan the disk for empty directories G
3. /VERSION=n : Scan all directories on the disk for files which have at least 'n' versions.
DThe diskwide function qualifiers can be used in one command; other combinations !of qualifiers are not possible. HNote that the diskwide directory functions can take several minutes to complete Ibecause a complete directory scan uses a lot of disk I/O (approximately 2 I/O's per directory).
/An indirect command file containing a list of Efiles can be used as a parameter to /COMPRESS or /DUMP. Such a list 4can be generated with the SEARCH command. Example:
```
 4DFU> SEARCH disk/FILE=*.DIR/SIZE=MIN=50/OUT=x.x  !DFU> DIRECTORY/COMPRESS @x.x  
```
@Caution: Care should be taken when compressing critical system directories. HTo be safe you should first use the /TEST qualifier before compressing Ithe directory. Another problem may be caused by a systemcrash just when DFU Eis rewriting the new compressed directory (although the chance that this Hhappens is very small). When this happens you can recover the files by $executing the following procedure:
1. Do a $SET FILE/NODIR of the corrupted directory 1
2. Delete the directory and create a new one H
3. Do a $ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR ; this will move all the lost files to [SYSLOST]. E
4. Move the files from [SYSLOST] to the newly created directory.
K
7.2 Discussion of directory compression

@Version V2.2 of DFU introduced a major change in the directory compression Iprocess (issued by the DIRECTORY/COMPRESS command). Previously versions Aalways performed a maximum compression , and then truncated the Cresultant directory. This may be usefull on a dormant directory , Abut on an active directory this method introduced new problems:
- When new files were added to the directory it must very quickly Ebe extended. Not only is this a slow operation, but on a fragmented (disk this can lead to DIRALLOC errors. ?
- Active directories where files are inserted in a random alphabetical Horder very quickly lead to expansion of the just compressed directory.
FThe first problem is now solved by NOT doing an automatic TRUNCATION Cof the directory. The /TRUNCATE qualifier has been added to allow Gtruncation on the users request. Also /TRUNCATE=blocksize is possible @to perform partial truncation; DFU will not truncate below the blocksize Dissued in /TRUNCATE. (The actual blocksize will be rounded up to a &multiple of the disks cluster size.) AThe second problem is solved by the new /FILL_FACTOR qualifier. AHere a user can direct DFU to fill each directory block up to a Fcertain percentage (between 50 and 100). Not specifying /FILL_FACTOR ;is the same as doing /FILL_FACTOR=100 (full compression). GNote however that the directory's allocated size must be large enough ;to allow a lower fill factor. If that is not possible DFU Awill issue a DFU-E-EXTERR error, and you must use a higher fill factor. ASo, what strategy should be used when comnpressing directories?
1. Inactive directories : use DIR/COMPRESS/TRUNCATE. F
2. Not very active diredctories : use DIR/COMPRESS (/TRUNCATE=n). @
3. Active directories, files added at the end (such as MAIL directories) : use DIR/COMPRESS F
4. Active directories, files added in random alphabetical order : use DIR/COMPRESS/FILL_FACTOR=n
9
7.3 Output formatting

=A new qualifier /FORMAT can be used with DIRECTORY/VERSION. CThis allows the build up of a command procedure directly from the Houtput generated by the DIR/VERSION command. /FORMAT has the following restrictions :
1. /FORMAT is only valid with the /VERSION and the /OUTPUT qualifier. A
2. The format string used must contain the !AS directive (in uppercase). 8The file found will be substituted at the !AS location
Example:
```
 HDFU> DIR/VERSION=4/OUTP=PURGE.COM/FORMAT="$PURGE/KEEP=3 !AS" mydisk  
```
+
DIRECTORY

Performs directory functions.

Format

3
DIRECTORY device[:] or directory-file(s)

PARAMETERS

device
>The device on which to perform one of the diskwide directory functions.
directory-files(s)
=The file specification of the directory on which to perform ,the /CREATE , /COMPRESS or /DUMP function. +Wildcard file specifications may be used. HDFU will automatically add .DIR to the filespecification if a filetype is not provided.

QUALIFIERS
/ALIAS
DThe /ALIAS qualifier directs DFU to scan all directories for alias Gfile entries. Only alias files in DIFFERENT directories will be found &(this is the most common situation). @Normally only the system disk should contain alias files. This qualifier -can be combined with /VERSION=n and /EMPTY.
/ALLOCATE=n
BUsed in combination with /CREATE. Creates the new directory with "an allocated size of 'n' blocks.
/COMPRESS
DPerforms the directory compression unless /TEST is also specified. CThe output will show the results in terms of file sizes. Example:
```
 $DFU> DIR/COMP OWN$:[000000]MAIL    M%DFU-S-DONE, OWN$:[000000]MAIL.DIR;1: 31 files; was : 4/9, now : 3/3 blocks    	DFU>  
```
/CREATE
FCreate a new , empty directory. The allocated size will be 1 cluster unless /ALLOCATE is specified.
/DEVICE
GThe device on which the files reside. The device name is added to the Dfile name. If you generate a file list with the DFU SEARCH command <you don't need this qualifier. However you may have a list Hof files produced from another source and thus need to append a device Aname to it. This qualifier can only be used in combination with /COMPRESS or /DUMP.
/DUMP
EProduce a block level dump of a directory. /DUMP will interpret the directory Aentries found in each block. A directory entry contains a size, version-limit, Btype and name field. Next the directory entry contains a list of Dversions and file ID's for this entry. /DUMP will produce a rather 1low level output of this information. Example :
```
 DFU> DIR/DUMP C.DIR    DUMP of directory block 1  ;Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(10): CHKDSK.EXE  $   Version: 3, FID : (1027,1456,0)  >Size: 26, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(13): CHKDSK.README  %   Version: 2, FID : (33892,1171,0)  %   Version: 3, FID : (1256,11234,0)  ;Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(10): CHKDSK.SAV  $   Version: 2, FID : (13947,100,0)  <Size: 24, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(11): CHKDSK.SAVE  %   Version: 1, FID : (12531,2114,0)  ?Size: 26, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(14): CHKDSK_LNK.COM  #   Version: 2, FID : (12314,72,0)  5Size: 18, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(5): C_D.C  #   Version: 3, FID : (32650,32,0)  7Size: 20, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(7): C_D.EXE  "   Version: 9, FID : (2675,64,0)  7Size: 20, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(7): C_D.OBJ  #   Version: 4, FID : (9835,117,0)  7Size: 20, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(7): C_D_2.C  $   Version: 15, FID : (12428,84,0)  9Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(9): C_D_2.OBJ  #   Version: 9, FID : (8439,119,0)  9Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(9): C_D_3.CLD  #   Version: 3, FID : (9777,178,0)  9Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(9): C_D_3.OBJ  #   Version: 2, FID : (9737,161,0)  7Size: 20, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(7): C_D_4.C  %   Version: 3, FID : (10594,1580,0)  9Size: 22, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(9): C_D_4.OBJ  $   Version: 2, FID : (10177,109,0)    DUMP of directory block 2  5Size: 18, Version limit: 3, Type: 0, Name(5): DFU.C  %   Version: 169, FID : (31123,52,0)     .   .   .  >%DFU-I-TOTAL, OWN$:[SOURCES.FORTRAN.DFUSRC]C.DIR;1: 42 files    
```
/EMPTY
@The /EMPTY qualifier will produce a list of empty directories. <This qualifier can be combined with /ALIAS and /VERSION=n.
/FILL_FACTOR=n
BSpecifies ,in percentage, the filling of directory blocks during Ha /COMPRESS operation. Fill factor may be between 50 and 100. Omitting Gthis qualifier is the same as /FILL_FACTOR=100 (maximum compression). CIf the directory has not enough allocated space a low fill factor Amay result in failure of the Compress operation. DFU will issue Da DFU-E-EXTERR error, and the directory file will not be modified.
/FORMAT=format-string
CCreate an output file in a format described by the format string. EThe string must contain the !AS directive (this must be uppercase). ?At the !AS location the resultant filename will be filled in. $The /OUTPUT qualifier is required.
/OUTPUT=filename
@This qualifier redirects the output to a file. The output will also go to SYS$OUTPUT.
/STATISTICS
GThis qualifier displays the performance statistics: CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults.
/TEST
IThe /TEST can only be used in conjunction with /COMPRESS. The qualifier >will show the results of the /COMPRESS but will not compress the directory file.
/TRUNCATE=blocksize
@During a compress operation truncate the directory back to the blocksize Fspecified. If blocksize is not specified, the file will be truncated Iback to the end-of-file block number. Truncation will always be rounded <up to the next highest multiple of the disks cluster size.
/VERSION=n
CThe /VERSION qualifier directs DFU to scan all directories on the device Cto produce a list of files which have at least 'n' versions. This qualifier )can be combined with /ALIAS and /EMPTY.
5
Chapter 8
REPORT

GThis chapter describes the REPORT command with the related parameters and qualifiers. 3
8.1 Description

7The REPORT command function generates a report of the 7file and free space fragmentation of the disk. Also a 6graph may be generated by the /GRAPH qualifier; this 6visualises the free space distribution on your disk. 6The /USAGE qualifier will generate a diskspace usage 8report. This is especially usefull if DISKQUOTA is not enabled on the disk.
>The default report contains information of the Volume, files :and the bitmap. This output can be suppressed by the new ,/NOVOLUME, NOFILE and NOBITMAP qualifiers. AAlso the /USAGE qualifier can be used by displaying information Iof a specific UIC or Identifier simply by specifying /USAGE=<uic> or /USAGE=<identifier>. 9
8.2 Syntax and Output

&The syntax of the report command is:
```
 "DFU> REPORT device/QUALIFIERS  
```
<Below follows an example and output of the report command:
```
   #DFU> REPORT USER3:/GRAPH/USAGE    1%DFU-I-REPORT, Reporting on USER3: ($1$DUA102:)    8  ***** Volume info for USER3: (from HOME block) *****  2 Volume name                      :  USER3        2 Volume owner                     :  SYSTEM       2 Structure name                   :               ( Clustersize                      :  3  - Maximum # files                  :  367618  * First header VBN                 :  103  0 Header count                     :  51547 (1)  0 Free headers                     :  10951 (2)     1  ***** File statistics (from INDEXF.SYS) *****  ? INDEXF.SYS fragments /map_in_use :  21 / 61 (39% used)   (3)  , Total files                      :  40595  ( Files with extension headers     :  0  ? Files marked for delete          :  19 , size : 25/63 blocks  + Directory files                  :  1957  * Empty files                      :  177  , Files with allocation            :  40418  0 Contiguous files                 :  40326 (4)  7 Total size used /allocated       :  2492431 /2533209  , Total fragments                  :  40770  1 Average fragments per file       :  1.009  (5)  < File fragmentation index         :  0.692 (excellent) (6)  ) Average size per fragment        :  62  % Most fragmented file             :  C    $1$DUA102:[LARGEUSER]A.DAT;1 ( 180/630 blocks; 30  fragments)     7  ***** Free space statistics (from BITMAP.SYS) *****  . Total blocks on disk             :  2940951  - Total free blocks                :  407742  ) Percentage free (rounded)        :  13  * Total free extents               :  260  G Largest free extent              :  42912 blocks at LBN: 2463597 (7)  + Average extent size (rounded)    :  1568  > Free space fragmentation index   :  0.191 (excellent) (6)       J %free------------------------------------------------------------------  K 100 |                                                                  |  K  95 |                                                                  |  K  90 |                                                                  |  K  85 |                             *                                    |  K  80 |                             *                                    |  K  75 |                             *                                    |  K  70 |                             *                          *         |  K  65 |                             *                          *         |  K  60 |                             *                          *         |  K  55 |                             *                          *         |  K  50 |                       *     *                        * *         |  K  45 |                       *     *                        * *    *    |  K  40 |                       *     **                       * *    *    |  K  35 |                       *     **                       * *    **   |  K  30 |                       *   * *** *                 *  * *    **   |  K  25 |              *       **   * *** *            *   **  ***    ** * |  K  20 |              *       **   * *** *            * * **  ***    ** * |  K  15 |      *  *  * *   * * ********** *            * * **  ***    ** * |  K  10 |      *  *  * *   *** ********** **           * * ** ****    ** * |  K   5 |      *  *  * * ***** **************          * * ** ****    ** * |  K      -------------------------------------------------------------------  M LBN: 0                                                             2940951  7 Free space distribution, each * =  2100  free blocks     @  ***** Disk Usage Table (from INDEXF.SYS and QUOTA.SYS) *****  L Identifier/UIC                 Used/Allocated   Headers   Quota Used/Perm  L -------------------------------------------------------------------------  L [SYSTEM]                       499554/505626     4954     510580/2000000   L [SSG,MRX]                       42079/46356      2259      48615/60000     L [SSG,TESTJE]                   189306/254742     4935     259677/300000    L [SSG,LARGEUSER]                 47961/50238      1648      51886/65000      .   .   .   
```
0The various items have the following meaning :
1. The header count is calculated based on the size @of INDEXF.SYS. If more headers are needed INDEXF.SYS has to be extended. G
2. The free headers gives the number of free entries in INDEXF.SYS before it has to extend. G
3. The INDEXF.SYS number of fragments and mapwords in use are very important Bfigures to determine if the INDEXF.SYS file can be extended. The theoretical Hmaximum number of mapwords is 155. This value may be less if there are BACL's on INDEXF.SYS. Each fragment, and therefore each retrieval pointer Imust be in the mapword area. As the size of a retrieval pointer depends on Gthe physical size of a disk, it is not easy to say how many fragments ,INDEXF.SYS can store in the mapwords area. CIf the mapword area is full the INDEXF file can no longer extend, Cand creating new files may result in a SYSTEM-W-HEADERFULL error. C
4. Files which have exactly 1 retrieval pointer are considered .to be contiguous. This doesn't mean that the +CONTIGUOUS bit is set in the file header. 1
5. The average fragments per file give some 0indication about the total file fragmentation. H
6. The file and free space fragmentation index classifies your disk as follows :
  - 0-1 : Excellent
  - 1-2 : Good
  - 2-3 : Fair
  - 3-4 : Poor
  - >4 : Bad
  =
  If your index is greater than 3 you should consider defragmenting the disk Ausing Digitals DFO software, or by performing an Image BACKUP / Restore. 7
7. The largest free extent is a usefull figure for Idefragmentation purposes. You cannot defragment a file when its size is greater than this value.

EThe disks free space distribution as a bar graph. On the horizontal axis Hthe Logical Block Number (LBN) is shown, running from 0 to the maximum Eblock number. Each * represents a certain number of contiguous free blocks.

>If you use the /USAGE qualifier a usage table will be added. IPer Identifier / UIC the blocks used/allocated , and the number of file Cheaders are shown. If Diskquota is enabled a third column will be included >which shows the blocks used/permitted allowing to QUOTA.SYS. 4Normally quota should satisfy the following rule :

 4 Quota used = blocks allocated + # of file headers

(

REPORT

7Create a file and free space report of a disk device.

Format

REPORT device[:]

PARAMETERS

device[:]
CDevice to be reported. You may also specify a logical devicename.

QUALIFIERS

/APPEND=filename
:This qualifier redirects the output to be appended to an Calready existing file. If the output file does not exists it will :be created. You can use /APPEND or /OUTPUT but not both.
/GRAPH
HThis qualifier generates a graph table which visualizes the free space 4distribution on the disk. /NOGRAPH is the default.
/NOBITMAP
HThe /NOBITMAP qualifier suppresses the "Free space statistics" output.
/NOFILE
@The /NOFILE qualifier suppressed the "File Statistics" output.
/NOVOLUME
>The /NOVOLUME qualifier suppresses the "Volume info" output.
/OUTPUT=filename
@This qualifier redirects the output to a file. The output will also go to SYS$OUTPUT.
/STATISTICS
GThis qualifier displays the performance statistics: CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults. $
/USAGE(=uic or identifier)
FThe /USAGE qualifier will generate a diskspace usage report based on AIdentifiers/UIC. If diskquota is enabled on the disk the blocks Aused/permitted allowing to QUOTA.SYS will also be shown. /USAGE Ais very usefull when diskquota is not enabled on the disk. When Ga uic or identifier is specified only the information for this uic or identifier will be displayed.

Chapter 9
SEARCH

GThis chapter describes the SEARCH command with the related parameters and qualifiers. 4

9.1 Introduction

1The search function allows very quick disk-wide 5searches for specific files. You can use almost any 0possible file attribute as a search qualifier. 9

9.2 Syntax and Output

#The command syntax for SEARCH is:

 "DFU> SEARCH device/qualifiers

=The output is displayed on your terminal. You can also sort &the output with the /SORT qualifier. +The output is shown in 2 or 3 columns eg:

 )DFU> SEARCH MYDISK/FILE=X.X/FRAGMENT   .   .  A$1$DUA102:[USER.COMMAND]X.X;1             1/3               1/1   .   .

GThe first column shows the full file name . As of this version of DFU the 6device name is included in the file name. The second Fcolumns shows the file size as actual/allocated size. The 3rd column Dis optional and will only be shown when the /FRAGMENT qualifier is used. It =shows the number of fileheaders / number of file fragments. =

9.3 Volume Set processing

;SEARCH checks if the device to-be-searched is member of a ?volume set. If so, the complete volume set will be processed, 7starting with Relative Volume Number 1 up to the last Cmember in set. You can override this behaviour with the /NOVOLSET qualifier. 9

9.4 Output formatting

2A new qualifier /FORMAT can be used with SEARCH. CThis allows the build up of a command procedure directly from the Coutput generated by the SEARCH command. /FORMAT has the following restrictions :

/FORMAT is only valid with the /OUTPUT qualifier, and can not be used 2together with the /FULL or the /SORT qualifiers. A
The format string used must contain the !AS directive (in uppercase). 8The file found will be substituted at the !AS location

Example:

 IDFU> SEARCH/OUTP=DEL.COM/FORMAT="$DELETE/CONF !AS"/FILE=*.LOG mydisk

9.5 UIC and identifier processing

AThis version introduces an improved handling of UIC's. Previous versions Bof DFU only accepted a numeric UIC in the /OWNER qaulifier or an Hidentifier in the /IDENT qualifier. V2.4 now accepts all valid uic and Hidentifier formats (numeric and alphanumeric) in the /OWNER and /IDENT Iqualifiers. Technically there is no longer any difference between these Etwo qualifiers, but they will be left in for compatibility reasons.

(

SEARCH

&Fast file search through INDEXF.SYS.

Format

SEARCH device[:]

PARAMETERS

device[:]
CDevice to be searched. You may also specify a logical devicename.

DESCRIPTION

FThe SEARCH command is used for quick disk-wide searches for specific files. @The qualifiers describe the file attributes used as the search 6criteria. You can combine almost all of the possible .qualifiers, unless otherwise specified. Eg.:
 DDFU> SEARCH DISK1/SIZE=MIN=10/OWN=[1,4]/CREATED=SINCE=YESTERDAY  
7is a valid command. Note that qualifiers will be used Hin a logical AND manner, that is, SEARCH will only display files which /obey to all qualifiers and options specified.

QUALIFIERS

/ALLOCATED
IDefault, SEARCH will use the actual file size. The /ALLOCATED qualifier Eforces SEARCH to use the allocated filesize. This qualifier is only +meaningfull if you combine it with /SIZE.
/APPEND=filename
:This qualifier redirects the output to be appended to an Calready existing file. If the output file does not exists it will :be created. You can use /APPEND or /OUTPUT but not both. !
/BACKUP=option(,option)
9The /BACKUP qualifier is used to search files depending 2on their backup date. The possible options are :

/BACKUP=BEFORE=date
/BACKUP=SINCE=date
/BACKUP=NONE

7The NONE option gives files which don't have a backup 6date recorded.The other 2 options can be used to get 2files which have a backup date before or after a 3specific date. The BEFORE and SINCE option can be combined in one command. "
/BAKFID=backlink-file-id
6You can use this qualifier to look for a file with a 7specific backlink. Only the first part of the file id 7must be specified, that is, if the file id is (x,y,z) 7you must specify 'x' as the file id. You can use this 6qualifier to get files from a specific directory. If 9you use /BAKFID=0 you will get files not belonging to a $directory (often temporary files). *
/CHARACTERISTIC=(char1,char2...)
8This qualifier is used to get files with specific file 2characteristics.The characteristics can have the following values:
&
Directory : directory files ,
Nobackup : files marked nobackup 1
Contiguous : files marked as contiguous 1
Erase : erase file before deletion "
Spool : spool files A
Badblock : files which contain suspected bad block(s) 1
Badacl : files with a corrupted ACL 7
Besttry : files marked contiguous-best-try 4
Scratch : files marked as scratch files 6
Nocharge : files not charged against quota 5
Nomove : files marked NoMove (VMS 5.5+) ;
Locked : files with the deaccess lock bit set 0
Marked : files marked for deletion 5
Noshelvable : files which can not be shelved .
Isshelved : files which are shelved

4The several characteristics can be combined in one 8command.If you want a logical OR behaviour in stead of 4the default AND behaviour, you can use the special option MATCH=OR eg:
 *  SEARCH disk/CHAR=(NOMOVE,DIR,MATCH=OR)  
"
/CREATED=option(,option)
0The /CREATED qualifier is used to search files 5depending on their creation date. The options are :

/CREATED=BEFORE=date
/CREATED=SINCE=date

7These 2 options can be used to get files which have a 4creation date before or after a specific date. The 9BEFORE and SINCE option can be combined in one command. #
/EXCLUDE=(file1,file2...)
2This qualifier is used to exclude files from the 7search. You can use wildcard filenames ; you can also specifiy a list of files. "
/EXPIRED=option(,option)
0The /EXPIRED qualifier is used to search files 7depending on their expiration date. The options are :

/EXPIRED=BEFORE=date
/EXPIRED=SINCE=date
/EXPIRED=NONE

0The NONE option gives files which don't have a 5expiration date recorded.The other 2 options can be 7used to get files which have a expiration date before 7or after a specific date. The BEFORE and SINCE option !can be combined in one command.
/FID=file-id
9The /FID qualifier is a special function of SEARCH. It 5directs SEARCH to go directly to the specified file 0without processing the rest of the Index file. 8Therefore, you cannot combine this qualifierwith other 5search qualifiers such as /FILE. Normally a file-id 7consists is in the form (x,y,z) where x is the number 8of the file header within INDEXF.SYS y is the sequence 7number, and z is the Relative Volume Number. You only 5need to specifiy the x value in the /FID qualifier.
/FILE=(file1,file2...)
3This qualifier is used to search for files with a 6specific file name.You can use wildcard file names; 'also you can specify a list of files.
/FORMAT=format-string
CCreate an output file in a format described by the format string. EThe string must contain the !AS directive (this must be uppercase). ?At the !AS location the resultant filename will be filled in. $The /OUTPUT qualifier is required. -
/FRAGMENT(=(MINIMUM=nr,MAXIMUM=nr))
EThis qualifier displays the number of fragments and file headers of each 6file found. You can further limit the files found by 6using the MINIMUM and MAXIMUM= options. For example:
0
Next page... | ,Contents

DFU V2.4

/FILE=file-id

/KEEP

/NOLOG

/NOREMOVE

/STATISTICS

/TREE

Chapter 7DIRECTORY

DIRECTORY

Format

DIRECTORY device[:] or directory-file(s)

PARAMETERS

device

directory-files(s)

QUALIFIERS

/ALIAS

/ALLOCATE=n

/COMPRESS

/CREATE

/DEVICE

/DUMP

/EMPTY

/FILL_FACTOR=n

/FORMAT=format-string

/OUTPUT=filename

/STATISTICS

/TEST

/TRUNCATE=blocksize

/VERSION=n

Chapter 8REPORT

REPORT

Format

REPORT device[:]

PARAMETERS

device[:]

QUALIFIERS

/APPEND=filename

/GRAPH

/NOBITMAP

/NOFILE

/NOVOLUME

/OUTPUT=filename

/STATISTICS

/USAGE(=uic or identifier)

Chapter 9SEARCH

SEARCH

Format

SEARCH device[:]

PARAMETERS

device[:]

DESCRIPTION

QUALIFIERS

/ALLOCATED

/APPEND=filename

/BACKUP=option(,option)

/BAKFID=backlink-file-id

/CHARACTERISTIC=(char1,char2...)

/CREATED=option(,option)

/EXCLUDE=(file1,file2...)

/EXPIRED=option(,option)

/FID=file-id

/FILE=(file1,file2...)

/FORMAT=format-string

/FRAGMENT(=(MINIMUM=nr,MAXIMUM=nr))

Chapter 7
DIRECTORY

Chapter 8
REPORT

Chapter 9
SEARCH