DFU> disk/FRAG DFU> disk/FRAG=min=10 $ DFU> disk/FRAG=(min=10,max=100)
7 These 2 options can be used to get files which have a 8 modification date before or after a specific date. The 9 BEFORE and SINCE option can be combined in one command.
D This chapter describes the SET command with the related parameters and qualifiers. 6 10.1 Introduction
E The SET command allows you to modify file attributes which can't be modified through DCL commands. = Note that you should be carefull about using this function; you may easily corrupt files. G NOTE: This much wanted functionality is finally introduced in VMS 6.0 B with a new DCL command $SET FILE/ATTRIBUTES. Still DFU's SET has F some options which are not in SET FILE/ATTRIBUTES (such as setting a BACKUP date).
G 10.2 UIC and identifier processing
G As of this version of DFU the /OWNER and /IDENT qualifier now accepts all valid uic or 2 identifier formats. See chapter 9.5 for details.
Modify file attributes.
$SET file1,file2,...,@file
file1,file2,...,@file
G The files to be modified. The attributes to be modified are specified F with qualifiers. Wildcards area allowed in the filename. An indirect file H can be used by using the @ sign. This allows processing of a file list # produced by a DFU SEARCH command.
/BACKUP_DATE=date
/NOBACKUP_DATE
6 Controls whether a new backup date is assigned to @ the specified files. Specify the date according to the rules described < in Chapter 1 of the VMS DCL Concepts Manual. Absolute ? date keywords are allowed. If you specify 0 as the date, E today's date is used. If you specify /NOBACKUP_DATE the Backup date field will be cleared./BADACL
/NOBADACL
7 Sets or resets the 'BADACL' flag in the file header. & This enables deletion of a file with a corrupted ACL./BUCKETSIZE=size
: Sets a new value for the bucket size in the file header./CONFIRM
/NOCONFIRM (default)
3 Controls whether a request is issued before each + individual SET operation to confirm that 1 the operation should be performed on that file. 8 When the system issues the prompt, you can issue # any of the following responses:YES NO QUIT TRUE FALSE CTRL/Z 1 0 ALL <RET>5 You can use any combination of upper- and lowercase C letters for word responses. Word responses can be abbreviated to < one or more letters (for example, T, TR, or TRU for TRUE). 5 Affirmative answers are YES, TRUE, and 1. Negative G answers are NO, FALSE, 0, and <RET>. QUIT or CTRL/Z indicates that you want F to stop processing the command at that point. When you respond with C ALL, the command continues to process, but no further prompts are given. ? If you type a response other than one of those in the list, the prompt will be reissued.
/CONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRY
/NOCONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRY
B Sets or resets the 'CONTIGUOUS_BEST_TRY' bit in the file header./CREATION_DATE=date
/NOCREATION_DATE
6 Controls whether a new creation date is assigned to 6 the specified files. Specify the date according to 2 the rules described in Chapter 1 of the VMS DCL Concepts Manual. Absolute 9 date keywords are allowed. If you specify 0 as the date, today's date is used./DIRECTORY
/NODIRECTORY
6 Sets or resets the directory attribute of a file. 2 This qualifier allows you to set the directory 7 bit of a file which was mistakingly reset by the 'SET FILE/NODIRECTORY' command. 8 If it is done on a non-directory file, then access 9 to that directory will give a 'BADIRECTORY' error./EBLOCK[=block]
8 This qualifier will reset the end-of-file mark to the : highest block allocated if no block has been specified. D Otherwise the end-of-file mark will be set to the specified block./EBYTE[=byte]
8 This qualifier will set the end-of-file byte mark to 0 the highest byte if it has not been specified. I Otherwise the end-of-file byte mark will be set to the specified byte./EXPIRATION_DATE=date
/NOEXPIRATION_DATE
6 Controls whether an expiration date is assigned to ) the specified files. Specify the date 6 according to the rules described in Chapter 1 of the ( VMS DCL Concepts Manual. Absolute 8 date keywords are allowed. If you specify 0 as the date, today's date is used. "/IDENT=identifier or uic
= Modify the file ownership. See also /OWNER_UIC. This allows modification B of the file-ownership even if the file is open, eg. INDEXF.SYS. , You cannot use both /IDENT and /OWNER_UIC./LOCKED
/NOLOCKED
3 This qualifier will lock a file for future use. 5 Nothing else can then be done with the file, until H it is unlocked (which can also be done with the VMS 'UNLOCK' command./LOG (default)
/NOLOG
4 Controls whether the SET command displays the file & specification of each file after the modification is made./MAXREC=record
7 Sets a new value for the maximum record number in the file header./ORGANIZATION=keyword
F The following keywords are used as parameters for the ORGANIZATION 6 qualifier: DIRECT, INDEXED, RELATIVE and SEQUENTIAL. 5 This will allow you to modify the file organization 7 type in the file header. Of course this won't change % the real organization of the file. &/OWNER_UIC=uic or identifier
E Modify the file ownership to an uic or identifier. See also /IDENT. D This allows modification of the file-ownership even if the file is open, eg. INDEXF.SYS. , You cannot use both /IDENT and /OWNER_UIC./RECATTRIBUTES=keyword
. The following keywords are used as I parameters for the RECATTRIBUTES qualifier: NONE, FORTRAN, IMPLIED, PRINT @ and NOSPAN. This will allow you to modify the file's record E attributes in the file header. NONE, FORTRAN, IMPLIED and PRINT are mutually 9 exclusive, but can be used in combination with NOSPAN. E When NOSPAN is omitted SPAN is assumed (the default is to allow % records to cross block boundaries)./RECSIZE=size
: Sets a new value for the record size in the file header./RECTYPE=keyword
9 The following keywords are used as parameters for G the RECTYPE qualifier: FIXED, STREAM, STREAMCR, STREAMLF, UNDEFINED, VARIABLE > and VFC. This will allow you to modify the file's record type in the file header./REVISION_DATE=date
/NOREVISION_DATE
5 Controls whether a revision date is assigned to the . specified files. Specify the date according I to the rules described in Chapter 1 of the VMS DCL Concepts Manual. E Absolute date keywords are allowed. If you specify 0 as the date, today's date is used./RVCOUNT=count
= Sets a new value for the revision count in the file header./UPDATE
/NOUPDATE (default)
1 Normally the file's revision date will be ) updated after any modification to it. I SET however disables this update (otherwise the REVISION date could not F be set). Specify this qualifier if you want the revision date to be updated./VFCSIZE=size
2 Sets a new value for the VFC size in the file A header. This value will only be used with the VFC record type.
I This chapter describes the UNDELETE command with the related parameters and qualifiers. 6 11.1 Introduction
@ The UNDELETE function is designed to recover deleted files, if possible. , UNDELETE operates in a safe mode such that E it first checks if the deleted file header and diskblocks are still available. G Only in that case will the file be recovered. Otherwise UNDELETE will leave the disk unmodified. & UNDELETE has some powerfull options:
, The UNDELETE command operates as follows :
D If the /LIST qualifier is used, DFU will just list the recoverable D files without performing any action on the disk. The disk will not be locked.
@ It is important to note that during the bitmap and file header processing G any error will immediately terminate the recovery process, and unlock the F disk. Files which have been recovered up to that point will still be G entered in the appropiate directory. As no wrong information has been H written back to the disk this should leave the disk in a proper state.
E NOTE: The blocks recovered will NOT be subtracted from the Volume's free 6 block count. To get the actual freeblock count a SET VOLUME/REBUILD=FORCE G is necessary. Also a complete reMOUNT will reset the freeblock count.
G IMPORTANT: DFU takes care to recover only files whose original blocks are F free. However these blocks may have been modified in the meantime by I another file which also has been deleted. Therefore each recovered file 2 must be checked manually to check its integrity.
! Example of a Undelete session :
DFU> undel $1$dua102:/list / Recoverable file [TEST]CHANGE_UIC.FOR;2 found - Recoverable file [TEST]CHECK_ID.FOR;1 found . Recoverable file [TEST]CHKPRDIMG.FOR;1 found + Recoverable file [TEST]CHRLEN.FOR;1 found % DFU> undel/file=*.for $1$DUA102: ( %DFU-I-READBMAP, Reading BITMAP.SYS... , %DFU-W-LOCKED, Volume now LOCKED for write * %DFU-I-UNDEL, Start search on $1$DUA102: / Recoverable file [TEST]CHANGE_UIC.FOR;2 found " Recover this file? (Y/N) [N] : n - Recoverable file [TEST]CHECK_ID.FOR;1 found " Recover this file? (Y/N) [N] : y , %DFU-S-RECOVER, File succesfully recovered ( %DFU-I-ADDQUOTA, updating diskquota... . Recoverable file [TEST]CHKPRDIMG.FOR;1 found " Recover this file? (Y/N) [N] : n + Recoverable file [TEST]CHRLEN.FOR;1 found " Recover this file? (Y/N) [N] : y , %DFU-S-RECOVER, File succesfully recovered ( %DFU-I-ADDQUOTA, updating diskquota... %DFU-I-UNLOCK, Volume unlocked 0 %DFU-I-ENTER, Entering file(s) in directory... A %DFU-S-ENTERED, File CHECK_ID.FOR entered in original directory ? %DFU-S-ENTERED, File CHRLEN.FOR entered in original directory DFU> EXIT
A 11.3 Files marked for delete
F Normally DFU does not undelete files marked for delete. This version D introduces a new qualifier, /MARKED , which specifically undeletes B files marked for delete. This allows the recovery of files which = are deleted but still open, such as INSTALLed files or even C recovery of the system dump file SYSDUMP.DMP whenever such a file
is deleted. G 11.4 UIC and identifier processing
G As of this version of DFU the /OWNER and /IDENT qualifier now accepts all valid uic or 2 identifier formats. See chapter 9.5 for details.
0 Recover one or more deleted files on a device.
UNDELETE device[:]
device
4 The device on which to undelete one or more files. > The device will be write-locked during the undelete process.
/FILE=filename
H The file to be recovered. Wildcards may be used. If a matching file is found H Undelete will ask a confirmation. If a certain file is confirmed, that I file will be recovered if possible, and control will be returned to the I DFU> prompt. If the /FILE qualifier is omitted DFU will assume *.*;* . "/IDENT=identifier or uic
. You can search for files owned by a specific = identifier or uic. Another way is the /OWNER_UIC qualifier; ? you cannot combine these 2 qualifier in one UNDELETE command. "/LIST(=output-file-name)
D Generate a list of recoverable files. No undelete will take place, C and the disk will not be locked. The defaultoutput is SYS$OUTPUT./MARKED
@ Consider only files marked-for-delete. Such files are usuallly 8 still open by some utility, such as INSTALLed files or the system dump file. &/OWNER_UIC=uic or identifier
A This qualifier is used to select files by a uic or identifier . 1 You cannot combine this qualifier with /IDENT./STATISTICS
G This qualifier displays the performance statistics: CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults.
: The new SPAWN command creates an interactive subprocess. E This allows a quick escape to the DCL level from an interactive DFU 8 session. The subprocess has a default prompt DFU_sub$. ? In SMG mode the <DO> key also performs a SPAWN command. : You must logout explicitly to return to the DFU session.
G This chapter describes the VERIFY command with the related parameters and qualifiers. 6 13.1 Introduction
I The VERIFY command makes an analysis of the disk, scanning for file and disk E structure errors. VERIFY performs almost all of the checks normally done D by a ANALYZE/DISK command. But VERIFY is several times faster than ) ANALYZE/DISK, and using less resources.
1 VERIFY checks and reports the following errors:
6 The /FIX qualifier can be used to perform some basic I repair actions. Unlike ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR this does not lock the disk! $ /FIX repairs the following errors:
C This version of DFU introduces the new /DIRECTORY_SCAN qualifier. A This qualifier directs DFU to scan all directories on the disk. This has some advantages :
E Please note that a complete directory scan may take several minutes to complete. A 13.4 Advanced repair actions
9 The /REBUILD qualifier can be used to perform some more 7 repair actions. This will however lock the disk (like E a DCL $SET VOLUME/REBUILD=FORCE command) for a short period of time I (usually less than 30 seconds). /REBUILD repairs the following errors :
@ Note that /REBUILD does NOT change the disks free block count.
@ On a system (cluster) wide mounted disk there will probably be F concurrent disk activity during the VERIFY command. Therefore VERIFY may report D some errors which are not really errors. Try running VERIFY 2 or 3 times * to see if the errors are reported again. E To get a really consistent report from VERIFY you can use the /LOCK qualifier. H This will write-lock the disk during the VERIFY run, so don't use this C qualifier too often. (The /REPAIR qualifier of ANALYZE/DISK also C write-locks the disk). Even if DFU ends ungracefully the DFU exit handler will always UNLOCK the disk. 9 13.6 Error reporting
- An example of a typical VERIFY run follows:
DFU> VERIFY mydisk " %DFU-I-VERIFY, Verifying MYDISK: - %DFU-S-CHKHOME, Home block info verified OK ( %DFU-I-IFSCAN, Scanning INDEXF.SYS ... * %DFU-I-CHKBITMAP, Checking BITMAP.SYS... , %DFU-I-CHKLOST, Checking for lost files... ( %DFU-I-CHKQUOTA, Checking QUOTA.SYS... & DFU> VERIFY/REBUILD sys$sysdevice ( %DFU-W-LOCKED, Volume now write locked ) %DFU=I-VERIFY, Verifying SYS$SYSDEVICE: - %DFU-S-CHKHOME, Home block info verified OK M %DFU-W-DELETED, file (620,351,1) RSF_DI_RSF_SERVER0.TMP;3 marked for delete G %DFU-W-DELETED, file (6349,173,1) DCLTABLES.EXE;937 marked for delete N %DFU-W-DELETED, file (19745,35,1) RSF_DI_RSF_SERVER0.TMP;3 marked for delete * %DFU-I-CHKBITMAP, Checking BITMAP.SYS... R %DFU-E-ALLOCCLR, blocks LBN 2667141 through 2667143 incorrectly marked allocated R %DFU-E-ALLOCCLR, blocks LBN 2667153 through 2667161 incorrectly marked allocated . . 2 %DFU-S-RBDBITMAP, BITMAP.SYS succesfully rebuild , %DFU-I-CHKLOST, Checking for lost files... %DFU-I-UNLOCK, Volume unlocked DFU>
) VERIFY can report the following errors:
1 ALLOCCLR, blocks incorrectly marked allocated,Severity ERROR Explanation D Blocks were found which are not allocated by a file but set in the D BITMAP file. This error is often seen when VERIFY is run and there H is concurrent file activity on the disk. Also, if after a system crash < the disk is mounted with /NOREBUILD such blocks may exist. = ReRun VERIFY with /LOCK to see if the error is still there. User Action 0 Run VERIFY/REBUILD to rebuild the BITMAP file.
, ALLOCSET, blocks incorrectly marked free,Severity ERROR Explanation D Blocks were found which are allocated by a file but not set in the D BITMAP file. This error is often seen when VERIFY is run and there H is concurrent file activity on the disk. Also, if after a system crash < the disk is mounted with /NOREBUILD such blocks may exist. = ReRun VERIFY with /LOCK to see if the error is still there. User Action 0 Run VERIFY/REBUILD to rebuild the BITMAP file.
+ BADBLOCK, file has suspected bad blocks,Severity ERROR Explanation A A file has suspected bad blocks. This is likely to be caused by hardware errors on the disk. User Action E Try to copy the file to another location. Also check the Error Log.
. BADEXTLNK, link to extension header broken,Severity ERROR Explanation > VERIFY tries to follow the extension link of the file and it - failed, or the extension header is invalid. User Action I Try ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR. However, this may be an unrepairable error, in which 1 case the file will be corrupted and unreliable.
< BADMFDLNK, directory has backlink to 000000.DIR on RVN n,Severity ERROR Explanation = A directory has a backlink to a Master file directory other G than the one on RVN 1. This is incorrect, but the only way to recover is to > reenter the directory manually into the 000000.DIR on RVN 1. User Action E Do a SET FILE/ENTER into the 000000.DIR directory on RVN 1, then do . a SET FILE/REMOVE from the wrong 000000.DIR.
# DELETED, file marked for delete,Severity WARNING Explanation D A file was found marked for deletion. Such files usually exists as E a result of file being deleted while it was still INSTALLed , or as G a result of a system crash. It is not considered as an error. You can try + to delete such files by using VERIFY/FIX.
# ERRHOME, Home block info not OK,Severity ERROR Explanation G The Info contained in the Home Block was not consistent or corrupted. User Action 2 Run ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR to try to fix the error.
( INVBAKFID, file has invalid backlink,Severity ERROR Explanation E The files backlink file id is not filled in. This is likely to be a lost A file. (Note that once VERIFY reports this error, it will not be reported F again during the LOSTFILE check). But is also possible that the file F is in a valid directory, but that the Backlink file id is not filled in. User Action B Run ANALYZE/DISK/REPAIR. If the file is in a valid directory the backlink will @ be repaired. Otherwise the file will be moved to the [SYSLOST] directory. G You can also use VERIFY/FIX but then the file will unconditionally be moved to [SYSLOST].
# LOCKED, file is deaccess locked,Severity WARNING Explanation F The file is deaccess locked. This may be a result of a system crash. User Action D Try to unlock the file with the DFU SET command, or the DCL UNLOCK command.
1 LOSTHDR1, file found in nonexistent directory,Severity WARNING Explanation C During the lost file check a file was discovered in a nonexistent directory. ? This error can be caused as follows : set a directory file to NODIRECTORY and delete it. User Action = Run VERIFY/FIX to move the file to the [SYSLOST] directory.
7 LOSTHDR2, file found in directory with bad backlink,Severity WARNING Explanation H During the lost file check a file was discovered in a valid directory. 1 However, the directory has an invalid backlink. D This error can be caused by doing a SET FILE/REMOVE of a directory file. User Action B Run VERIFY/FIX to move the directory to the [SYSLOST] directory. D Then move the directory back to the correct location. The files in * the directory should be accesible again.
- LOSTHDR3, file found in invalid directory,Severity WARNING Explanation H During the lost file check a file was discovered in a directory which D is not a valid directory. Either the file has a wrong backlink, or > the directory file has the directory file attribute not set. User Action H Look up the directory and use DFU SET to set the directory bit. If the E directory file was OK then run VERIFY/FIX to recover the lost file.
& LOSTHDR4, not found in a directory,Severity WARNING Explanation @ When the /DIRECTORY_SCAN qualifier is used , DFU detects files F which have a valid backlink but which are not seen in the directory. ! This can be repaired with /FIX. User Action = Using /FIX will enter these files in the correct directory.
( MULTALLOC, blocks multiple allocated,Severity ERROR Explanation C A file has blocks allocated which already belong to another file. = Note that VERIFY will make a second pass through INDEXF.SYS I to report all the files involved. This is a serious error, and may be a = result of a disk being mounted on two seperated VAXClusters (or a partitioned VAXCluster). User Action G Copy all the files found to another location. Next all the files must be E deleted. Run VERIFY/REBUILD to repair the BITMAP. All the afflicted I files must be manually inspected to see which files are valid and which are corrupted.
- NOBITCLR, Deleted file header marked BUSY,Severity WARNING Explanation G A file was deleted. The corresponding bit in the INDEXF bitmap should be 8 cleared but is still set. This is not a serious error. User Action & Run VERIFY/REBUILD to fix the error.
+ NOBITSET, index file bitmap bit not set,Severity WARNING Explanation B A valid file was found , but the corresponding index file bitmap , bit is clear. This is not a serious error. User Action & Run VERIFY/REBUILD to fix the error.
NOOWNER, file has no owner,Severity WARNING Explanation D A file was found with UIC [0,0] as the owner. This is not a normal situation. User Action - Look up the file and modify the file owner.
C QUOTAERR, UIC [x,y] has n blocks used, QUOTA indicates m blocks,Severity WARNING Explanation H If a disk has diskquota enabled, VERIFY calculates the blocks used and E compares them with the value in the QUOTA.SYS file. Any mismatch is reported. 8 This error is often seen when VERIFY is run, and there H is concurrent file activity on the disk. Also, if after a system crash F the disk is mounted with /NOREBUILD such Quota mismatches may exist. = ReRun VERIFY with /LOCK to see if the error is still there. User Action / Run VERIFY/REBUILD to rebuild the QUOTA file. ) Or run a DISKQUOTA> REBUILD command.
( SLFBAKFID, backlink points to itself,Severity WARNING Explanation E This error indicates that DFU has found a directory with a backlink pointing F to itself. This feature is only allowed for the MFD 000000.DIR. This error ; will result in ANALYZE/DISK going into a COMputable loop. User Action B Run VERIFY/FIX to move the directory to the [SYSLOST] directory. D Then remove the directory entry from itself with a SET FILE/REMOVE command. 7 The files in the directory should be accesible again.
, VERIFY a device for disk structure errors.
VERIFY device[:]
device
The device to be verified.
/APPEND=filename
: This qualifier redirects the output to be appended to an C already existing file. If the output file does not exists it will : be created. You can use /APPEND or /OUTPUT but not both./DIRECTORY_SCAN
D Performs a full directory scan. This may take up some time, but it < allows detection of mismatches between the directories and INDEXF.SYS./FIX
/NOFIX (default)
G Repair errors on the disk. File marked for delete will be deleted and 8 lost files and directories will be moved to [SYSLOST]./LOCK
/NOLOCK (default)
F Locks the disk for file allocation/deletion. This gives a consistent report I for the disk, but other users may experience a delay when accessing the disk. > The device will be unlocked a the end of the VERIFY command./OUTPUT=filename
@ This qualifier redirects the output to a file. The output will also go to SYS$OUTPUT. 7 CAUTION: if you use /LOCK in combination with /OUTPUT C be carefull to specify an outputfile on ANOTHER disk, or DFU will finish with a severe error./REBUILD
/NOREBUILD (default)
Perform a volume rebuild. F Using this qualifier will temporarily lock the disk for other users./STATISTICS
G This qualifier displays the performance statistics: CPU time, Elapsed Time, I/O and PageFaults.
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