
         *         -          C O N T I N U O U S

   ९ 㭤  㣨 ing-ଠ , ਬ
     ६ Continuous,   ᪠ ॢ.


          I *am watching* TV.           *ᬮ* ⥫.

          I enjoy *watching* TV.         *ᬮ* ⥫.

    ࢮ  砥  (*am watching*)   ᪠㥬   ६
  Continuous: ⠭ *ᯮ⥫쭮  be + ing*.

   ஬ 砥 ⠪ ⠭ . *Watching* -  㭤.
  ଠ ⫨⥫ ਧ - 稥  ⢨
  ⠭ *"ᯮ⥫  be + ing"*.
   ९ ⠭ *"-離 be + 㭤"*  
   ६ Continuous.

           1.   Ann's hobby *is going* to the movies.
           2.   Ann *is going* to the movies.

   ࢮ  砥 is going -  *-離  be + 㭤*:
                     -  室  .
   ஬ 砥 is going -  ⠭ *"ᯮ⥫ 
  *be + ing-ଠ "*,     ६ Continuous:
                        .
   ⫨   㣮?     ࠧ "" 
  㭤, ஡ ॢ ⮤  ࠢ쭮 ਠ.
   㦤  ⠪:
  ॢ  ࠧ   p Continuous, 稬:
                       .
  ,  ॢ ७.
  ॢ    ࠧ 㭤, 稬:
                /,/ - 室  .
  筮,     ॢ.
          *                     I (Participle I)

   ९⠩ 㭤  Participle I (⨥ I ):

              1. The boy *swimming* in the lake is Tom.
              2. *Swimming* in the lake Tom hurt his leg.
              3. *Swimming* is one of Tom's favourite activities.

   ࢮ 砥 swimming ⢥砥   *?/ 騩?
             稪, *騩*   - . (⨥ I)
   ஬ 砥 swimming ⢥砥   *?/ ?
             **  ,  । . (⨥ I)
   쥬 砥 swimming ⢥砥   *?
             ** -    ⨩ . (㭤)

    ᥣ ⫨   㣮  ࠢ쭮 ॢ - 
   . ⨥ I ⢥砥   *?/ 騩?




                       John enjoys *reading*.

    reading  *?*   稬:    *騩*.
    ॢ.
    reading  * ?*  稬:    **.
   ࠧ ॢ.
    reading  *?*     稬:     *⥭*.
  ४ ॢ! *Reading*  - 㭤.
            *                          

     㭤  稫  ॢ  ਬ
  ᠬ ⮩   : playng, swimming  ..
    ᫮  㭤.
                 John likes *being asked* questions.

  ⠭ *being + III ଠ * -  .
  ࠢ ॢ:
  active:          John likes *asking* questions.
                      .
  passive:         John likes *being asked* questions.
                    ,    .

                              :
               I hate *being treated* like that.
                ௥  ,    ⠪ .
               I enjoy *being told* compliments.
                ,    .
               Mary doesn't like *being flattered*.
                 ,   .
    ⨫,  ॢ ᨢ 㭤 筮 ॡ
  .     *""*  *"⮡"*.
  筨  訡  ॢ ᨢ 㭤:
    ९ ᨢ  㭤  㣨 ing-ଠ 
  ᨢ .
           *ᨢ 㭤 - ६ Continuous Passive

       1.   Mary *is being taken* to work in a Cadillac.
               ࠡ  .
       2.   Mary likes *being taken* to work in a Cadillac.
             ,     ࠡ  .

   ࢮ 砥 (*is being taken*)   ᪠㥬  ६
  Continuous Passive, ਧ ண:
            ⠭ *be + being + III ଠ *.
   ஬ 砥 ⠪ ⠭ . *being taken* - ᨢ
  㭤.
                *  -  

    ९ ᨢ 㭤  ᨢ ⨥.
  ࠢ:

            Mary doesn't like *being contradicted*.
            The material *being tested* now is a new polymer.

      ⠭ *being + III ଠ *.
    ࢮ 砥  ⠭- ᨢ 㭤,  ⢥砥 
   *?/祣?*  ॡ  ॢ  *""*:
               (?), **  ⨢.
   ஬ 砥 ⠭ *being + III ଠ *- ᨢ
  ⨥  㭪樨 ।, ⢥砥   *""* 
  ॡ  ॢ  *""*.
    ਠ,(?) ** ஢ ᥩ-  .
   ࠢ쭮 ॢ    ᯮ .
  쪮 ࠢ쭮    ࠢ쭮 ࠭  
   ⫨ 㭤      ॢ.
                *                    

   ⠪ ࠬ᪠   㭤 
  (..)
  ࠢ:
  ) We are excited about the fact that *Mary is coming* to visit us.
       ⥬,   ᮡࠥ  .
  b) We are excited about *Mary's coming* to visit us.
       ⥬,   ᮡࠥ  .
  ⨬,    ॢ ࠧ b)  ⪠,
  筠.    .. - ⠭ *⢨⥫쭮 
  *裂⥫쭮 * (Mary's) * ⮨  㭤* (coming).
  筮, ॢ ..  ᪨  ॡ  **  *, 
  (*⥬, ;  ⮬,   ..*).
     ਬ :
           They insisted on *my staying* with them.
            ⠨  ⮬, ⮡  ⠫  .
           She doesn't approve of her *son's staying* out late at night.
             ࠢ,    ন .


    ९ ..  ⪮ ମ ६ Present Continuous.
  ࠢ:
        1)  Her *daughter's going* there alone worried her.
        2)  Her *daughter's going* there alone (=...daughter is going ...)
        3)  *Paul's coming* surprised us.
        4)  *Paul's coming* in a minute.
   । 1),3) ᮤন *.*.  ⢥砥   *"?"
            Her *daughter's going* there...-(?)
            ,     㤠 , ᯮ .
            *Paul's coming*....- (?)
            ,   襫, 㤨 .
   । 2),4) -᪠㥬  *Present Continuous Tense*.
  ⢥砥   *" ?"* ,*" ᤥ?"*.
        Her daughter's going there ... -  (  ?)  㤠...
        Paul's coming... -  ( ᤥ?) ਤ...
  ⠭ ᮢ ᪠  ࠢ ॢ.
                 *                   

   㭤 ࠦ 襭 ⢨,   ਭ
  䥪 .
         *having + III ଠ * - 䥪 㭤.
   ᪮ 몥  让 ࠧ  㭤 Indefinite
   䥪 㭤.
      :
           " ਧ  ࠦ "
    ᪨  ⠪:
           "He admitted *stealing* the money."
   ⠪:
           "He admitted *having stolen* the money."
      䥪 㭤, ⠪    
    .   ᪮쪮 ਬ஢  䥪 㭤:
            They now regret *having got married*.
             ⥯ ᮦ  ⮬,  .
            Michael denied *having seen* him.
             栫,   .
            I denied *having said* anything about him.
             栫,  ਫ -  .
    ९ 䥪 㭤  䥪 ⨥
  *䥪 㭤*:
     John mentioned *having seen* Mary in London.
  *䥪⭮ ⨥*:
     *Having seen* the film twice, I didn't want to go to the cinema.
   ࢮ 砥 䥪 㭤 *having seen* 믮 㭪
  , ⢥   *"?"*  ॢ ਤ
  ।:
      㯮 (?),     .
   ஬ 砥 䥪⭮ ⨥ *having seen* ⢥砥  
  *" ᤥ?"*  ॢ ⨥:
     ( ᤥ?) ᬮॢ  䨫 ,   ⥫   .
               *    

  , ᠬ ᫮  । 㯮ॡ塞 ଠ 㭤- 
  䥪 㭤  ᨢ .
               ଠ: *having been + III ଠ 
   ଠ 㭤 । ⢨, ᮢ襭  騬 
  ६ ⢨ ᪠㥬.

         : I appreciate *having been told* the news.
                   ७  ,   ᮮ騫  .
                  Robert remembers *having been shown* how to do it.
                   ,      .

  筮, 䥪 㭤  ᨢ  믮  㭪
  , ⢥砥   *"?"*    ᫥
  ᪠㥬.  ॢ ॡ  */ *.

          I appreciate *having been told*...
           ७  ( ?) *, *  ᮮ騫 ....



   ଥ 䥪 㭤  ᨢ  ᮢ  -
  䥪 ⨥. 䥪⭮ ᨢ ⨥ 믮 㭪-
   ⥫⢠, ⢥砥   *?*  ⮨  砫
  ।.  ॢ ॡ  *⮣ /*.

  *Having been told* of their arrival I went to the station to meet them.
  (?) ᫥ *⮣, *  ᮮ騫   ਡ⨨,  襫  -
    .
                *                    

   ᪮ ࠬ⨪  室 롨  ᯮ짮-
   㭤  䨭⨢ (।  ).
      ࠧ  ᫥:

          I like *fishing* = I like *to fish*.
          The baby began *crying* = The baby began *to cry*.

    ⠭  ⠪ ,  *remember*, *forget*,
  *try* 롮 㭤  䨭⨢ ᫠ ᫮ ।.
  ࠧ:
          Do you remember *to post* the letter?
  ⫨筠    ࠧ:
          Do you remember *posting* the letter?
   ᯮ㥬 㭤 ᫥  *remember/forget*,  ਬ
   ᮡ *᫥ ⮣*,   ந諨 (  ந諨).
   ᮡ  ᪮ ਠ 筮 । 襤訬 ६.
          I remember *sending* them a letter.
           ,  *᫠*  쬮.

   ᯮ㥬 䨭⨢ ᫥  ,  ਬ  ᮡ
  * ⮣*,   ந諨.  ᮡ  ᪮ ਠ 筮
  । *। ମ *.
          Remember *to send* them a letter.
            *᫠*  쬮.

              :
        I'll never foget *kissing* you for the first time .
           ,  *楫* ⥡   ࠧ.
        Don't foget *to send* me a post-card from Paris.
          *᫠*    ਦ.

    ,  ,  ᨬ  ᫠ ।,
   㯮ॡ  㭤,  䨭⨢ - *to try*.
        Try *doing* something  ࠢ筮 Try *to do* something.
  Try *doing* something 砥 ᤥ -  ⢥ ᯥਬ,
  , *஡* - ᤥ.
  I've got a headache. I tried *taking* an aspirin but it didn't help.
     .  *஡* ਭ ᯨਭ,    .


  Try *to do* something 砥 ਫ ᨫ, ** -
  ᤥ.
  I was very tired. I tried *to keep* my eyes open but I couldn't.
   祭 ⠫.  *ࠫ* ঠ  묨,   .
  *Remember, forget  try* -   ᠬ ࠭ ,
   ⠭  묨 㦭 ᯮ짮 㭤  䨭⨢ 
  ᨬ  ᫠ ।.   ⥣ 室  
  㣨 . ᫨    ᢮   ⮩ 㧪 -
  ,   祡 ࠬ⨪.
