                 ࠭?..  祭 !

㢠 ᠭ ᠭ஢
duvanov@robotland.users.botik.ru
ᥭ, 1999 ᫠-᪨


                       ᭮   ᢮ ,   ⥫-
                     孨    ⮫쪮  ,  ᮣ᭮
                    ࠦ    ᪨ ᫮,   
                    ࠣ ࠧ   䨧,  -
                      ᫮ - ⢨ 㭠த-
                     ⠭.
                       祣   .       
                     "?..  祭 !"
                                                             .ᡥ


    ⪨  ,  ⢥म 㢥७,  㫨  -
㡪 -     ⮦,  ⥬     ⮢ ࠤ 襩
孨  , ७ॣ 直 ᪨  -
⢠.  "筠" ⫥ ࠭  ⠬!
   ᫨ 室   ᨢ  ਩  玲 , 
     ⫠᪮  ,  誮쭨 
࠭  । 㪠  ४.
   ,    ⨬ 㤠 (ᯮ⥫ﬨ), ࠧ⥫쭮
ᬥ﫨. ,  , ⮡ ᥫ ਡ, ᪠  ᫮
 㪠.  ,   .  ᬥ ⮦.

ᯮ⥫ 㪠
--------------------
   । ᯮ⥫    ⮥  ,  ࠧ
ண 10x10.     த ࠢ  , -
   ᫮ .

              1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10
             Ŀ
           1                    
             Ĵ
           2                     
             Ĵ
           3                     
             Ĵ
           4                     
             Ĵ
           5                     
             Ĵ
           6                     
             Ĵ
           7                     
             Ĵ
           8                     
             Ĵ
           9                     
             Ĵ
           10                    
             

    㭪  ᨬ "" ࠦ ᯮ⥫. 㪠 -
 ९   ⪨   , , , ࠢ,
    . 室 ᯮ⥫  ।  饭
( " !"). ஬ ᠬ ᯮ⥫   ⪥
 室 㡨   ᥭ   ࠭ ᨬ. -
, ६   ,   ⮫   ᪮쪮
㡨 । ᮡ   "뢠" 㡨  । .
    㡨     "" : -
⠥,  ⠪ 㡨 ᯮ   ⪥ " ".
  㡨, 㪠 ६頥   ᫥ -
  室   ॢ稢.
    㡨,  ᯮ⥫    ﭨ  ᨬ 
 ࠭ ᨬ  ⮣, 뫠   筮  -
⮩ (ॢ⮩).

             ⥬  㪠 ()

 - ᬥ    ࠢ  
  - ᬥ      
  - ᬥ      
   - ᬥ      
 - "" , ᯮ⥫  믮 
         ⢨

    ,  㪠  - אַ ᫥ ࠢ த-
᪮.  ⠪ ᥪ  ଠ⨪  ᨨ ࠧ -
. ।,  ணࠬ஢ ஡, 㠫쭮 ।-
⠢  ࠭, ࠧ ⭥  , 祬 
 ࠪ묨 ᫥ﬨ  ࠭, ᨪ  ᪠.
    , 筮, ࠢ쭮,  㦤    -
᭮.
    ⥯ ᠬ  ६ 㦭 ᬥ  ࠧ ᥬ :
  ࠭樨      ⮩ ਬ⨢ ⮩
।?   ࠭᫨஢-,   ?

    ਣ?
   , ⮣ ⥫  !  設 ࠪ쥩 ࠭樨.

    砫 ﭥ  ᫮ ਪ   .

 -
-----------------
   ,    ண 뢠 㣨 모, 뢠
몮. ⭮,   ᪨   몮. 
 ⮬ 몥  뢠, ਬ,  ᯮ⥫ 㪠.
 ᪨ ,    㣮 ⢥ , ᫨-
 祭  ᫮  ண ଠ ᠭ.
    ணࠬ஢ 祭  ਬ   --
  ᠭ  ଠ  権.    
ᯮ짮  ᠭ 몠 ணࠬ஢ -60.
    몥 - ᯮ ᫥騥 ᨬ (ᨬ-
):

<>    - ᪮, 뤥騥 ।塞 ⨥;
::=   - ⠢ ᨬ,  ⠥ " । ";
|     - ᨬ, 騩 ୠ⨢, ⠥ "".

   ਬ ।.

   ਬ 1
    < ᫮> ::= +
 ᫮  ।  ᨬ "+".

   ਬ 2.

    <> ::= 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9

     ।  0   1,  2,  3,  4, 
5,  6,  7,  8,  9.

       ᯮ짮 몠 --
  ᮧ ४ᨢ ।.

   ਬ 3.

  <᫮> ::= <㪢> | <᫮><㪢>             (1)
  <㪢> ::=  |                                 (2)

     ।  ⠪:
   ""    । :  "㪢",  ꥪ,  
  ,   "᫮",  ᫥      ᠭ
"㪢".
   "㪢" -   ᨬ "",  ᨬ "".
    , ࢠ ப  । ᮤন ४!
   ஢ਬ,  ᮮ⢥   ।  "᫮"  ᫥騥
ꥪ: "", "", "".
   1) ꥪ "" - ᫮, ⮬ :
    - 㪢 (ࠢ 2),  㪢  ᫮ (ࠢ 1).
   2) ꥪ "" - ᫮, ⮬ :
   "" -  ᫮ (⠪    ""  -   㪢  ࠢ 2, 
, ᫮  ࠢ  1).  ,   ᫥ 㪢,
 ᫮ (ࠢ 1), , "" - ᫮.
   3) ꥪ "" -  ᫮, ⮬    ᫮ "" ᫥
 㪢  ᫥ ࠢ 2.

    ஢ ᮮ⢥⢨ ꥪ ।? 㦭  ᫥-
 ࠢ,   ⮬ ।.  ᫨ ࠢ ४-
ᨢ,     ஢ઠ  㤥 ᮤঠ ४. ஢ਬ,
ਬ,  ꥪ ""  ᫮.

   ꥪ "" - ᫮, ᫨ ᫮  "" (ࠢ 1
 2).
   ꥪ "" -  ᫮, ᫨ ᫮  ""(ࠢ 1 
2).
   ꥪ ""  - ᫮, ᫨  ᫮  "" (ࠢ 1 
2).
   ꥪ "" - ᫮ (ࠢ 2).

   ⨬,   । 1 ᫮   ( -
!)  ᫥⥫쭮   㪢 ""  "".   
 ᯮ ⮤ ⥬᪮ 樨.

        .  ⥬᪠   -    㭨ᠫ
     ᯮᮡ ⥫⢠ ⢥ত F, ᮤঠ饥 ᨬ  
     楫 ᫠ n. ᨬ 砥  F(n).
        ⥫⢮ ⮤ ⥬᪮  樨 ஢ 
      蠣.
       1)  樨.
        ⢥ত F(n) ஢  ஬ 砫쭮  n = n0
     (ਬ,  n0 = 1).
       2) ⨢ ।.
        뤢  ⨢ ।.    砥  
     ⮬,  ⢥ত F(n-1) ⠥ ࠢ (n > n0).
       3) ⨢ 室.
        뢠 ࠢ F(n)  ⮬ ⨢ ।-
     ,   ।  ࠢ F(n-1). -
     ⥫⢮ ᭮뢠  ⪥ ।⠢ ᨬ F(n)
     १ F(n-1).
        ⠪,  ⮤ ⥬᪮ 樨,   -
     ,  F(n) ࠢ, ᫨ ࠢ  F(n-1).  -
     ⥫⢮,   ஢મ F    ⭮ -
      n0  ⢥ত,  F(n) ࠢ ᥣ. -
     ?
         ,  ⢥ত F(n) ࠢ, ᫨ ࠢ-
      F(n-1). ⮣ 筮 ⮡ ⢥ত,   F(n) -
         n > n0, ᫨ F(n0) ஢७ ।⢥-
     .

     ....
     F(5) ࠢ, ᫨ ࠢ F(4)
     F(4) ࠢ, ᫨ ࠢ F(3)
     F(3) ࠢ, ᫨ ࠢ F(2)
     F(2) ࠢ, ᫨ ࠢ F(1)
     F(1) -  樨, ࠢ ஢७ ।⢥.

            ⠢塞 ࠡ ண ᯮ⥫ 
     ஢ન ࠢ ⢥ত F   ⭮ n
      ᫥饩 ४ᨢ ணࠬ:

       (n)
       n = 1
        ("F - ࠢ   n")
         (n-1)
     

        ਬ, 楤 (3) ४ᨢ 믮 楤-
      (2).    ⥫⢠  ⨢  室
     ᫥,  F(3) ࠢ, ᫨ ࠢ F(2). 楤
     (2), 筮, 믮 楤 (1).  -
      楤 ४ 稢:  F(1)  ࠢ
     -  ஢७  樨.
        ਢ ணࠬ, 筮, 襭 类 ࠪ᪮
     ᫠.       ⥬  
     ४ᨢ , ,    ⨢
     室 ᢮ ஢ F(n)  ஢થ F(1).

   ୥   襩  . ,   ᫥⥫-
 F(n),   n ᨬ,    ਭ-
 祭 "",   "",   ᫮  ᫥ 
।.

   1)  樨. F(1) ⮨   ᨬ ""  ""
   ᨫ ࠢ (2)  㪢,     ᨫ ࠢ
(1) - ᫮.
   2) ⨢ ।. ⠥,  F(n-1) - ᫮.
   3) ⨢ 室. ,  F(n) - ⮦ ᫮.
   ।⠢ F(n)  n > 1    ⥩:  ᫥ ᨬ-
   ⠫쭮.  F(n)   :

                     F(n)  = F(n-1) s                 (*)

    s  -  ᫥ ᨬ   F(n),    ਭ
祭 "a"  "m",    㪢  ᨫ (2).
   ⠪,  ।⠢ F(n)  ᫮ F(n-1)   ᫥-
 㪢.  ⮣  ᨫ (1) - F(n) ⮦ ᫮.

    ᫥ ᯨ᮪    ⢥⠬.      -
짮    誮쭨   ࠪ᪮ ࠡ 
।ﬨ, 묨  樨 -.

  1.
   । 1
   -------------
<> ::= <㪢> | <><㪢> | <><>
<㪢> ::= x | y
<> ::= 1 | 2

   ஢,     ਢ   ꥪ  
᫥ । 1.

1) x   2) xy    3) x1    4) 2y    5) xxxxxxx  6) y321  7) 1212
8) x21    9) X21

⢥:    ꥪ 4), 6), 7), 9)

    ᫥饥 ⢥ত.
      ᫥⥫쭮  㪢  , 
稭  㪢.

  2.
   । 2
   -------------
<> ::= <㪢> | <><㪢> | <><>
<㪢> ::= <> | x | y
<> ::= 1 | 2
<> ::=
   ஢,     ਢ   ꥪ  
᫥ । 2.

1) x   2) xy    3) x1    4) 2y    5) xxxxxxx  6) y321  7) 1212

⢥:    ꥪ 6)

   ୮  ᫥騥 ⢥ত.
   )  ᫥⥫쭮    ᨬ "x"  "1" 
  ᫥ । 2.
   )    ⢮  ⠪ ""  ⢮ ,
 । 2?

 3.
   । 3
   -------------
<ࠦ> ::= <᫮> |(<ࠦ>) | <᫮> + <ࠦ>
<᫮> ::= 20 | 30
   ஢,   ਢ  ꥪ  ࠦﬨ
 ᫥ । 3.
1) 2  2) 20  3) 2030 4) 20+30 5) (20) 6) (20+30) 7) 20 + (30+30)
8) 20 +
9) + 30
10) (20+(30+(20+20)))

⢥: ࠦﬨ   ꥪ 1), 3), 8), 9)

 4.
    ᫥饥 ।     몠 --
.
   ਬ -  ᪮쪮 , ᮥ   ᮡ 
"-".

⢥:
<ਬ> ::= <> - <> | <ਬ> - <>
<> ::= 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9

 5.
      몠 - । ࠫ-
 ᫠.

⢥:
<ࠫ쭮 ᫮> ::= <㫥 > |
                        <ࠫ쭮 ᫮> <>
<㫥 > ::= 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9
<> ::= 0 |<㫥 >

 6.
        몠  - । 楫
᫠.

 ⢥:
<楫> ::= <楫  > | +<楫  > | -<楫  >
<楫  > ::= <> | <楫  ><>
<> ::= 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9

 7.
। 4
-------------
<ࠦ> ::= <> | <ࠦ> + <>
<> ::= <ࢨ> | <> * <ࢨ>
<ࢨ> ::= x | y | z
   ஢,   ਢ  ꥪ  ࠦﬨ
 ᫥ । 4.
1) z   2) x*y+z  3) x+y+z  4)  (x+y)*z  5) x*x  6) y+y*y+y
7) xy  8) +x     9) z+

⢥: ࠦﬨ   ꥪ 4), 7), 8), 9)



᪨  ࠦ
----------------------------

    :   㬥  ࠭  । 㪠!
    ᠬ    ⮫쪮 :
   -  㬥     । 㪠 ᪨ , 
,  , ⠢  ࠭;
   - ,  ᠬ  , 㬥  ࠭  । ᯮ-
⥫ ४!

    ⭮, ᯮ⥫   몠 ணࠬ஢.
     뢠   ணࠬ   5 ,  ,
   ᯮ⥫  㯭.  ⠪   
 .    ,  ணࠬ ࠡ⠥, 㪠 -
頥   ⮪ ࠢ.
      ⮬,    5   -   몠
ணࠬ஢,   ணࠬ஢ ""  ᯮ-
⥫,  ,    ᠬ,    ࠭.
   ࠭  -    ᯥ樠쭠 ணࠬ,   ॢ
⥪   몠  ணࠬ஢   ᫥⥫쭮  
 ஡.  ᫥⥫쭮   । -
⥫.  㪠   ᢮ 릪.
       ࠭樨 -  ᡮઠ  ᫥⥫
ᨬ ⤥  ⮢ ⥪ ணࠬ.   -
뢠 ᥬ.
   ᪨  ࠦ -  뤥  ⥪ ᥬ,
௨稪,     樨 몠.  -
  ⥪ ᬠਢ  த 楯窠 ᨬ-
, ᫥ -  楯窠 ᥬ.
   ਬ, ⥪
 5 
ᮤন 16 ᨬ (।   ᨬ ஡). ᫥ -
᪮ , ⥪ ८ࠧ  楯   ᥬ:
  - 祢 ᫮, 砫 横
5        - ᫮
   - 祢 ᫮,   

ࠬ 室
-------------------

   ⮤ 襭   ᪮     易 
㪠祩   ४஬,    饥 ணࠬ᪮ -
.  ᭮  ⠢ 奬 (ࠬ) 室  -
騬  (  㪢) ணࠬ஢ ⠢
奬  몥 ॠ樨.
   ঠ⥫쭠  ࠡ 믠     ⠢
奬.  奬 ᮢ, ⠥  ९  
몥 ணࠬ஢.  ணࠬ஢ (஢) 
⮬ 믮  堭᪨  -  ⥫-
 ࠧ諥.
    ⮤  "ࠬ  室"  ᬮਬ  ᫥饬
ਬ.

।.
<᫮> ::= <楫> | <஡>
<楫> ::= <> | <楫><>                (*)
<஡> ::= <楫>/<楫>
<> ::= 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9

   ࠬ 室         । (*)
ࠦ ᫥騬 ࠧ:

      (⢥_楫)    (訡)
          ^             ^ ^
            ⠫쭮   
        ⠫쭮
                        
                   
   (楫) <(室)
        ^ 
         
    /
   
           
           V       ⠫쭮
       (஡?)>(訡)
           
      
Ŀ  
         
       V  V      ⠫쭮
 (஡)  >(訡)
           
            
           
           V
     (⢥_஡)

   奬 뢠 ﭨ ⬠ ( 祭  ᫮
 㣫 ᪮)  室  ⬠     ﭨ 
㣮 ( ࠦ ५)  ᨬ  祭 -
। ᨬ  室    (ᨬ  祭  ५-
-室).
   ᬮਬ 奬   ࠡ ⬠.
    砫   室  ﭨ (室).
    । ᨬ  ⮬ ﭨ,  ஬ ᨬ "-
", ਢ  室  ﭨ (訡).
   ᫨  ,    ﭨ (室) । ᨬ 
"",  室  ﭨ (楫).
    ᨬ ⨬  ⮬ ﭨ?  । ᫥-
,  ⠪ ⨬ ᨬ :
   "" -  ⠥  ﭨ (楫);
   "/"     -  室  ﭨ (஡?);
   "" -  室  ﭨ (⢥_楫).
    㣮 ᨬ ਢ  室  ﭨ (訡).
   ﭨ (஡?)  ⥫쭮  ﭨ (஡)
 ⮣, ⮡ 業 ,  ᮩ ⮩ 
訡.
   ﭨ (஡) ࠡ뢠 । ᨬ ᫥騬 -
ࠧ:
   "" -  ⠥  ﭨ (஡);
   "" -  室  ﭨ (⢥_஡);
    㣮 ᨬ -  室  ﭨ (訡).

    ࠬ  ஥, ⠥   䠪᪨ -
⨭ ࠡ:  㦭 ஢ ࠬ  몥 ணࠬ-
஢. 㥬 ⮤ ।,    -
ﭨ 奬 ⮡ࠦ  楤ன,  室 
ﭨﬨ - 맮 ᮮ⢥ 楤-ﭨ. 
ᯮᮡ  㪢쭮  奬  ࠪ᪨  ॡ
⥫ ਥ.


 ணࠬ  㪠

     ᯮ    ன ப,  ᯮ⥫ -
। :

                    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
                   Ŀ
                 1           
                   Ĵ
                 2    
                   Ĵ
                 3           
                   Ĵ

   . ஢    ᮮ⢥⢨  । (*).
   ᫨    "楫" - ⠭ ᯮ⥫    
ࢮ ப:
                    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
                   Ŀ
                 1    
                   Ĵ
                 2           
                   Ĵ
                 3           
                   Ĵ

   ᫨  - "஡" -     ன ப:

                    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
                   Ŀ
                 1     
                   Ĵ
                 2          
                   Ĵ
                 3           
                   Ĵ

   ᫨    訡, ⠭ ᯮ⥫  ࢮ
 :
                    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
                   Ŀ
                 1     
                   Ĵ
                 2          
                   Ĵ
                 3           
                   Ĵ



                                   
 室                           ﭨ (室)
 蠣                               ਬ ᫥騩 ᨬ
     楫              
  訡                      
                              
                                   
 楫                          ﭨ (楫)
  蠣                              ਬ ᫥騩 ᨬ
            ⢥_楫 
       楫       
    /       ஡?      
                  訡      
                              
                                   
 ஡?                         ﭨ (஡?)
  蠣                              ਬ ᫥騩 ᨬ
     ஡              
   訡                     
                              
                                   
 ஡                          ﭨ (஡)
  蠣                              ਬ ᫥騩 ᨬ
           ⢥_஡  
      ஡        
   訡                     
                              
                                   
 訡                         
 蠣                               ६饭 ⪠ 
     訡             ப
                                 訡
                              
                                   
 ⢥_楫                    
                              
                              
                                   
 ⢥_஡                    
                             
                              
                                   
 蠣                            "ண" ᫥騩
                    ᨬ
                              


    ࠢ , ணࠬ  稫,     祭 -
,  , ।쭮 ⭠     筠?    -
 ᮮ⢥ ஥ ࠬ.


   ⠪, ᮢ襭 祢,     ⮩  (  㣨
)  ᠬ  㤭  - ந ࠢ  ࠬ.
 ஢ ࠬ  몥 ணࠬ஢  
⥯  ⢥. ணࠬ஢     -
ন      믮 ⮬᪨  -
稨 ᯥ樠쭮 ࠭,  砫   室 -
஥  ࠬ,    室 砫  ⮢  ணࠬ.
 ணࠬ   㦭 뫮  ஢.
   筮, ࠢ쭮  ணࠬ 砥 ᥣ ,  
 ᮮ⢥ ࠬ;  㣮 ମ  -
.
    ᫨ ࠬ  ஥ ୮,  ୮ 㤥  -
⭠  ணࠬ.
   ⠪, ᯥ ஥ ᪮  ࠦ  
 ଠ쭮 ।,  (*)  -
  ᯥ ஥ ࠢ쭮 ࠬ 室.

㯫  "" ଠ⨪.
      ᪨   ࠦ   "让"
ଠ⨪  . ᠭ  ᯮᮡ  襭 ਬ
筮  .   ⮬  ࠬ  室  뢠
筮   嬥୮ ᨢ (⠡).
    襣 । (*)  ᨢ 룫廊 ⠪:
Ŀ
          ᨬ                         
       Ŀ       ࠳/  ⠫쭮
।饥 ﭨ          0  1   2       3       
Ĵ
(室)                     0   1  4   4       4       
(楫)                    1   1  2   0       4       
(஡?)                   2   3  4   4       4       
(஡)                    3   3  4   0       4       
(訡)                   4   0  0   0       0       

    ᨢ, ਬ,     ⠪:

int diagramma [5] [4] =
{
  1, 4, 4, 4,
  1, 2, 0, 4,
  3, 4, 4, 4,
  3, 4, 0, 4,
  0, 0, 0, 0,
};

    diagramma[i][j] = m 砥,   ࠬ ५-
, 室  ﭨ i  㦥 ᨬ  ஬ j
ਢ  ﭨ m  ਢ  襭  ࠡ, ᫨ m
= 0.   ᫥ 砥  ணࠬ  뤠  ⢥ -
 ᫮ i  ( ᮮ⢥騩  ⥪ -  -
ﭨ).
    ᨢ  室  ,   ࠦ 믮
  ᫥饣 :

int i = 0;
int j = diagramma [i] [TypeNextSymbol()];
do
{                                                (**)
  i = j;
  j = diagramma [i] [TypeNextSymbol()];
} while (j);

    㭪 TypeNextSymbol() ⠥ ᫥騩 ᨬ  室-
   頥  ⮣ ᨬ,     ᮮ⢥-
⢨  ⠡楩 室 뤠:
0 - ᫨ ᨬ "";
1 - ᫨ ᨬ "/";
2 - ᫨ ᨬ "";
3 -  ⠫ .

    ,  (**) ᮢ襭     -
। (*).  ᬥ । (*)  㣮 ( 㣮
᫮) ᪨  (**) ⠭ ०  㤥
ᮤঠ   7 ப ணࠬ . 㤥  ᨢ
diagramma,  ᪨  (**) ⠭ .

    让 ଠ⨪ ஡  ,    :  -
쭮 ⠢ ࠬ 室   ।?
    㬥    "⢮"  ४ᨢ ।-
.   ⮣ 㦥 訩 ࠪ⨪.    室
 , 㦭 筮    ⨬  ࠡ.    ⮫쪮
ᬮ,     㣨,   ᠬ  ࠪ⨪
ᠬ,  .

                           * * *

     ⨫?      ਢ ணࠬ  㪠
  ⮭  - 楤 "訡":

 訡                         
 蠣                               ६饭 ⪠ 
     訡             ப
                                 訡
                              

   ,      ᢨ:     
楤 ⠭ ᯮ⥫ 筮  㦥 訡?
   ?

      祬  - !  ⠫  -
! 騩 ࠧ  易⥫쭮  "ࠧ祭" -
 ४ᨢ 䮪.
    ⥯, ᪮쪮    ⫠᪮ ⥢
㭨 諮 .

 1  (5 )
   ⠪ । ᫠.
। 1
-------------
<᫮> ::= <> | <᫮><>    (1)
<> ::= 0 | 1                       (2)

   .  ணࠬ  㪠,  ஢,
      ᫮  ᫥ । 1.
    砫    ᯮ⥫ ᯮ । 㡨 
  ன ப:
                         
   ᫨ ஢塞    -  ᫮, ⠭ ᯮ⥫ 
 :
                         
   ᫨   -    ᫮,  ⠢  ᯮ⥫  
ப .

 2  (7 )
     4,   ᫨    ᫮, ⠭-
 ᯮ⥫    ᨬ   . -
:
                         1021
                           
   ᫨  - ᫮, ⠭ ᯮ⥫   ᫥ 
ᨬ. ਬ:
                         1011

 3. (8 )

  ᫥饥 । ᫠:
। 2
-------------
<᫮>   ::= <楫> | <஡>
<楫>   ::= <> | <楫><>
<஡> ::= .<楫> | <楫>. | <楫>.<楫>
<>   ::= 0 | 1

   .  ணࠬ  㪠,  ஢,
      ᫮  ᫥ । 2.
    砫    ᯮ⥫ ᯮ । 㡨 
  ன ப:
                         
   ᫨ ஢塞    -  ᫮, ⠭ ᯮ⥫ 
 :
                         
   ᫨  -  ᫮, ⠢ ᯮ⥫   -
 ᨬ:
                         
                           
   ਬ १⮢ 믮 ணࠬ:

1)   1010

2)   121.34
      
3)   .00

4)   .10.0
        

 4. (9 )
  ᫥饥 । ᫠:
। 3
-------------
<᫮>   ::= <楫> | <஡>
<楫>   ::= <> | <楫><>
<஡>   ::= <> | <筠>
<> ::= <楫>/<楫>
<筠> ::= .<楫> | <楫>. | <楫>.<楫>
<>   ::= 0 | 1

   .  ணࠬ  㪠,  ஢,
      ᫮  ᫥ । 3.
    砫    ᯮ⥫ ᯮ । 㡨 
  ன ப:
                         
   ᫨ ஢塞    -  ᫮, ⠭ ᯮ⥫ 
 :
                         
   ᫨  -  ᫮, ⠢ ᯮ⥫   -
 ᨬ:
                         
                           

 5. (9 )

  ᫥饥 । ࠦ
। 4
-------------
<ࠦ> ::= <᫮>+<᫮> | <᫮>+<ࠦ>
<᫮>   ::= <> | <᫮><>
<> ::= 0 | 1
   .  ணࠬ  㪠,  ஢,
       ࠦ  ᫥ ।
4.
    砫    ᯮ⥫ ᯮ । 㡨 
  ன ப:
                         
   ᫨ ஢塞  - ࠦ, ⠭ ᯮ⥫ 
 :
                         
   ᫨  -  ࠦ, ⠢ ᯮ⥫  
 ᨬ:
                         
                           

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                                            த ᫥
