`                               

                            I ᥬ

                    ⮤᪨ ४樨
           㪮⥫  ⫠᪨ ᮢ

                                      .. 㢠

                                       ।樥
                                      .. ࢨ

                                      (C) ⫠

   !  ⮤᪨ ਠ - 饣 ࠪ.
 ४樨  । ⥫쭮.

         ঠ

1. 騥 砭  ४樨
2. ᮢ ࠡ 㪮⥫
3. 樨  
   3.1.  1. 
   3.2.  2.  
   3.3.  3. ᥫ ⨭
   3.4.  4. 窠
   3.5.  5. ய
   3.6.  6. 誠


1. 騥 砭  ४樨

   ࣠   । 㪮⥫ 
⪨ 奬  ஢  ⨩    誮쭨.  ⮣,
ࠧࠡ⪠ ⭮   ⮤ ࠡ   㯯 
 ।⮬ ⢮⢠ ⥫.  ࠧࠡ⪠  
ଫ       ᮢ  ࠡ.   ᮢ ࠡ,
᫠  ࣠ࠬ,   ⠭   業஢.
    祭 ࣠ ᯥ ஢ -
 ७樨  ⥬  ⮤  ଠ᪮ ࠧ
誮쭨,  ன 㪮⥫    
 ᢮ ⮬     ⮢--
᭨  ᢮ ࠡ.

   ।⠢  祭   ""  
㪠 (ᮭ ) - 祭 襣 , , -
 ⥫, ᠬ ᮢ襭⢮  ᢮ ଠ᪨ 
 㬥.
    "㪮", ⭮,     ᪮쪮. -
 த⨢,   , ᯮ짮    -
㠫쭮  .

   祭 ⥩   ਠ  "⫠᪨
".
   㪮⥫,  ᢮ ᬮ७,  ।⠢ 
 ⭨  ( ⢥म      䠩)   -
짮     ஥  ᢮  ᮡ⢥  ⨩  
誮쭨.
    ஥    ࠪ᪮  㪮⢮  ࠡ 
᫥騬 த⠬ । :

     
      
     ᥫ ⨭
     窠
     ய
     誠

    ⥣஢ । ⫠    ᥡ
 ⮢  ⥪⮢, 몠   ᪨
ࠣ⮢   ᡮન   祭 ୮ ந-
.  ।  䥪⨢ 㬥ਥ  -
樨 祭 ⥩ ࠡ  .
   -, 祭,  窨 ७ 祭,  室  -
ன ,     ⨢,     䥪-
⮬ ⥫쭮. ᭮ ⨢ - ᮧ 祭 -
୮ ਫ, 饣 ࠪ 業 (-
 ᪠,  ணࠬ, ࠢ筨, , ).
   -, 祭    㬥ਥ 
, ࠫ쭮 ᢠ ࠧ ᯮᮡ ᮧ  -
 ꥪ⮢,   ஢ 祭  
६  , ࠢ  ⨯  ᮧ  ଠ樮
ꥪ⮢, 䥩 ணࠬ, ⮤ ஥஢.
   -,  த, ᮧ  쬨   ⥣-
 । ஢, ਡ  譥   -
ᨮ  த⠬.   ⨣  ४뢠  
⥬ ᭮ 権  ᮧ 䥩 ஥㥬
ਫ.   ࠧ,  ॡ  砥 譥 ਢ-
⥫ த,  ⢫  ⠢   孨-
᪨ ⠫  稢  ࠡ 쭮 ६.
   -⢥,  祭    ६ ࠡ ᢠ  孮
஥஢ ᫮  ⥬.  ᭮, ਬ,  
 孮 "ᢥ " (⮤ ⥯ ⠫樨).
   -,   ⢥ ࠧ -
஢ ࠡ  ⥩    ⢮᪨ ⨢, ࠡ 
 訬 ஥⮬.

2. ᮢ ࠡ 㪮⥫ 

   ᮢ ࠡ  㦨 ⥫  ⮫쪮 ଠ -
  த  䨪樮 ⭨,   ᯮᮡ
䨪஢   뢠  ᢮  ⨢ ।⠢ 
⮬,    ⨬쭮 ந 祡 ,    
 ,  祬 ,  ⥫ ⠥ 訬,  
ᠬ .
   室   襣        -⥫,  
让 㢥७ ᪠,  -饬 ⥫ 稭-
 ᢮ ᨮ     ⮣,  ࠨ 
㬭 让 誮쭮  ࠡ ६  ᠭ ⮣,  
.
    ⮬  ਢ  冷  ࠧ஧  ᢮
㤠, "뢠" ᢮ ⥬, 稭    ᨫ
 ᫠ ஭, ࠢ 쭥襣 ࠧ.
   ⭠, , ஡,  뢠 稭騩 -
⥫, ।  ⮬ 㬠   ࠭ -
.  祬 ?  ᫮?  ந  ࠧ?
     ᮢ:  ᯮ ⮤  ⥯  ⠫樨  (
ணࠬ஢  뢠  ⮤ "ᢥ-"). 筨
 饣   । , ⥯ ࠧ   -
ࠣ,  ࠣ  㭪. 롥   㭪, ᮤঠ
   祢,  ஡   ।-
饣 ⥪  -  ⤥ ⥧, 砭, , ਠ
 . ᬮ  ࠧ  ,    稫  
 ࠣ ⠢ 浪  ᫥. -
, ⠩    ⮣  讣 堮  ன
.      ! 稢 ࠡ   㭪⮬,
ﭨ  騩 :    ,  ⥯  -
 ४ࠨ.
    ,  㯠    ࠡ  ᫥騬 㭪⮬,
᪨ த騬 ᫥   ᠭ.  ᫨ ⠪
, 롨ࠩ ,    .
     㢨,   ᪮   ⠭ ⢥  -
,    ਠ  ᪠窮ࠧ ਬ -
 ࠪ.  㤮⢨  ⮣,   !
   뢠  ⠪,  ⥪   稭, ᬮ  
 ᨫ:  墠⠥ 쪮 ⮫窠,   让 -
楯.      ,    "ࠧ"
 :

   1. ୮ ஢   ᯮᮡ ⨢ -
 ଠ⨪
   2. ࣠ 祡 
   3. ⮤ ࠡ  쬨
   4.  ᮡ  "⫠᪨ "  (᪨
      砭  ।  ᮢ襭⢮)
   5. ⥫ ਠ
       - ᯮ㥬 ⥫쭠  
       - , ࠦ, ਥ 祭, ਤ㬠  襩
         
   6.  ⫠᪮ ⥢ 㭨    ࠤ-
      樮 ᯮᮡ 祭 ⥩   ᮢ襭⢮  -
      ⥫᪮ ⢠.

       ଠ ॡ  ଫ ᮢ ࠡ

   ᮢ ࠡ  ।⠢   筮 ASCII-䠩.
(     ⮢  ⥪⮢ । ஬,
Multi-Edit, ⮭   .) , ᠭ  ।-
 Word  DOS  Windows, ᬠਢ  .
     ॡ  ᪠   ᪮ ஢
襣 ਫ.    奬    㭪  ४ ᨬ
ᥢ䨪. ਬ஬ ⠪ "ᮢ"  㦨 -
, 祭  ⥪ ᮡ "⫠᪨ ".
   । ꥬ ࠡ - 2000  ப    ਭ ப 60
ᨬ, ,  ,  ६   -
䨨!

     ଫ  ᫥饬 ࠧ:
  Ŀ
                 । 誮 N 22 .᫠               
                                                              
                                              
                                                              
          
                             (⥬)                           
                                                              
                                                              
           ⥫ ଠ⨪ । 誮 N72  .᫠ 
            ਭ ᨫ쥢                          
           樮  :                     
           e-mail:                                            
           䮭:                                           
           ⮢ :                                    
                                                              
           㪮⥫:                                      
                                                              
                                                              
                        ᫠ 2001 .                     
  

      ⮬   ᫥  ࠡ (ᮤঠ-
), ᭮ ⥪  ᯨ᮪ ᯮ㥬 .
    ᯨ᪥     㡫樨 ਢ   -
⭮  浪,    浪 ஢.  ⮬  ᭠砫
㪠뢠 䠬, ⥬ 樠, ⥬  ࠡ, -
⥬   㡫樨. ਬ:
   㢠 ..,  ⫠᪨ , ᫠--
᪨, ⫠᪨ ⥢ 㭨, 1999.
      ஢ ( , ࠧ, -
ࠣ䠬).  ࠡ, ᮤঠ饩  ,  :  ࢮ
 -  ,  ᠭ  ᭮ ,  ன -
ᠭ ᫠  ࠡ      ॠ樨,   쥩 -
 祭 १⮢.
    業 ࠡ  ᯮ짮 ᫥騥 ਨ:
   1) ਣ쭮 ࠡ,      ᯮᮡ, ⥩
  ࠧࠡ⪨.     業 ᢮ ࠡ  
⮬  ᫮,  楫    祡 , -
⨭   㣨 䠪஢.
   2) 筮  ⮢୮  ⮤ ࠧࠡ⪨, 㬥-
஢ ᭮ . 㬥 ࠧ㬥 
   ,   ᮡ⢥ .
   3) 䥪⨢ ७      ।
ᯮᮡ  ࠪ⨪,  ᢮ ᮡ⢥ ࠡ.  ⮬ 
뤥  ࠬ,        -
⨢ ⨭ 㥬 .
   4) ᯥ⨢  ࠪ᪠ 稬 ࠡ. -
 ᯮ짮 । , ⮤   ..  㣨
० ࠧ.
   5) ⨫, ࠬ⭮ .
   6) ଫ ࠡ.

   ᭮ ਭ  ࠢ,     㤥 -
⠢ 業  ⨡쭮 誠.  ࠧ, ᨬ-
 ᫮   ࠡ ࠢ 30.

                    ᯥ客   㤠!



3. 樨  

3.1.  1. 

    ।⠢ ᮡ   , 祭
ன  ᪠  ਫ (㣨  ணࠬ    
DOS).  ࠭  ,    ࠭, ᮢ .
     ᪠ ணࠬ, 㣨 뢠 ࠭  
묨 .  ࠢ       
 "".
       ஬, 짮⥫ :
- ।   ᪮ ਫ;
- ந   (  ᮮ饭, ⨯ ,  
  䨪 ࠭  , ஫  室);
- ᮧ  ;
- 㤠 ;
-  ;
-  䨣 ࠭;
- ᮢ  ⮣ࠬ  ࠢ .
      ᮧ  짮⥫ :
 - ७ ᠭ    㣮;
 -   ;
 -  ᪠ ਫ;
 - 㪠  襭 ॡ ਫ  ;
 -  ⮣ࠬ;
 -  ᮮ⢥⢨  ࠭  ୮ ;
 - ⠭ ᫥騥 ४⥫:
   - ࠭  ਫ;
   - ணࠬ   DOS;
   - 㦭   ࠬ  ᪥ ਫ;
   - 㦭   ⨥    ᫥ 砭 ࠡ
     ਫ    .

     㤮  ।  롮  ᪠ ணࠬ  (
㯭  襬 誮쭨),    -
஢ ᢮  ,  ᮡ       ࠧ஧
ணࠬ.   ᢮⢮     ⨥ "-
祣 ⮫"  ࠬ    祭  ண-
ࠬ ࢮ ᥬ  "୮ ஢".
     ⢥   筮  䥪  "᪨"
ᯮᮡ   誮쭨 ᢮ 䠩 ⥬
  ࠪ⨪.

    ࠡ ⥩ ࠦ 㪮⥫   ᮢ
ࠡ   ।⮬ 㦤  ⥢ ७樨.

           :  ⮣ࠬ
    ᡮ୨ ⫠᪨  ᮢ      -
   ᫠ ࣠ࠬ  ⮣ࠬ  -
, ࠧࠡ⠭ 쬨    ⥬: " ।  
ࠧ".  ਢ  ᯨ᮪ ਬ஢  
⥬:
    (䨧᪠   ⥩ ᢥ, 䫮  㭠
   ࠭ ,   ᪮ ᨨ, 㤠-
⢥ 䫠, ...)
     (ॢ    - , ᮯ⠬,  ,
;   ᨨ;  ⨨  ᪨ ३;  -
⢥ , ...)
    (᪨ ⥫ XIX ,  ᮢ᪮
ਮ,  , 㡥 , ...)
   ⥬⨪ (ࠧ  ⥬⨪, ᭮   誮쭮
 ਨ,  ⥮ਨ ...)
   몠쭮  ᯨ⠭  (ୠ 몠쭠  ࠬ,
䨨  ஢,  뤠騥 몠 ⢮-
,...)
      ᯮ (  ஢, ᪮ -
,   ᯮ, ...)
   ....
   ⮣ࠬ  ।   祭  楫
ࠧ (࠭ ),  ⠪   맮 ਫ  -
砬   ⥬.
    ⮣ࠬ    ᮯ஢  ⥪⮢ 䠩 
ᠭ     ᫥饩 奬:
        䠩
       - 㪮⥫ 
       - ॣ樮  
       - e-mail 
       ᠭ ⮣ࠬ
       -  ⮣ࠬ
       - 祭
       -  䠩
       -  ()
   ⮣ࠬ (䠩   ७ cut)  ⥪⮢ 䠩  
ᠭ ᫥ ᫠   arj-娢     -
஢  ப,   㪠 ⥫쭮.

3.2.  2.  

    ண  ਢ ⥩, ᮡ ⮣, 
襭 ந  ॢ⥫쭮 ᭮.
    ਭ  ᮤন  ᢮  "", 祢 ,
ࠧ ஥      ਭ樯쭮 襭.
   ᫮ "ਭ" ਥ  ⠪ .
   - 筠     롮஬  ⢥  誠  
  믮 । 室 ( 롮 ਢ-
  ࠧ訬    த⨢).
   -  祭  ।  ""  ᪫
( 冷 ᪫஢ ਢ   -
  ᢮ ).
   -   ⨯ ਬ - "⪫" 誠  ⥭:

                                 
                                   
                                    
                   #                   #  
                             
                                           
                                 

   誨   ਢ ਬ "⪫"  ⠫
  ᢮  .  ஬ ਭ   ।-
⥫쭮 ᢮.
     㣨 ਥ, ॢ騥    -
ᨢ .
   ࠡ⪠  祢 権     ⥬, -
    ஥ ਭ ,  ᠬ
 ᥡ ᭮ 祩.
   ⭮,   横 ⨩ ந  襭 ⮢
ਭ⮢. 砫      ᢠ    ।,
ਢ몠  䥩 ணࠬ     ⨢
஢.
     ஬  ⠯  த 襭 ⮢ ,  
㪮⥫ 頥   祢 室, 騥 -
  ਭ樯.  ⮬ ⠯  뤢  ⥧  뤥
⠪ 室,   ᠭ  䨪樨.   ஭, 
  ॥  ⮢  ਭ,      㣮,
㦨 ᭮  ᫥ ஥ ᢮  ᮡ⢥
.
   ⨩ 横  ⨩  - ᪨. । ॡ⠬ -
    ஥ 襣 ਭ. 㦤 -
ਨ,   㤥 業 ࠡ:
   - 訬  ਭ.  ஥    
襭.
   - 祢  ਭ.
   ) 稥 祢 . 襭   ᢮ 
  ࠢ ஬-⮬    ⮩ ࠥਨ,
 易  ᮤঠ  祢  室,  뢠   
।⠢ ᮡ 楫 ஥.
   )  祢 . 祢    ࠧ-
 ஢  ᫮.  襭   祢  
 ᫠  易    ࠧ襭  ᫥.   ⠪
 祭 ᭠ ,    祢 ஡, 室
뢠   ᪮쪮  室 ।.  祢 ,
筮, ᫮  業 .
   ) ࠧ 祢 .   ந  ਭ, 
஬      祢      ࠧ. 
⢥  祡  , ᢮ࠧ  ਭ⭮ ,
    ࠢ,  訩 ਭ- -
 ᮤঠ ࠧࠧ 祢 ਥ.
   ) 稥 ᪨ 祢 .    ਭ
祢    ஢   㣠  -
 ⮫쪮 砫 ᯮ 誮  .  ⠪
祢   ᪨.    ᫮  祩  -
  ஥ ᪮ 祢 , 
, ⠪, ண     砫쭮 䨣樨  ஥
    襭 . ਭ  ᪨
祢묨 ⠬   ᢮ .
         ᪮쪮 襭,  ⭮, 
  ஢  ஥஢騪.   ࠧ 襭  
 ࠧ  ⢮  ᪨  祢   ⮬
᫥, ᮧ ᠬ 祭   襭.  ᨫ -
 ᪨ 祢  ਭ   .
   )  祢 . ਭ, ஥   ਤ-
묨 祢묨 ⠬  ⫨稥  ,   ᯮ-
 ਥ ஥ ਭ⮢, 業 .
   - ⢥ . ਭ  ᮤঠ 
"௨祩"  ᨬ㬥 .
   -   ਭ. 譨    ਭ  (ᯮ
, ਤ஢, 誮,   ᪫   砫쭮 -
 ᠬ  )      ਢ⥫.
 ⮣ ?  ⮢  楯⮢, 筮, .  -
짮 ਭ樯  ᨬਨ  , ,  室
 ᨬ 樨.  ந ਭ -
 宦  , ᥪ  - 設. -
 ᫮,   뢠   ।⠢, 
㬪  .

                 : "" ਥ 
    祭 쥧   ⥩   㪮⥫. ।-
 ࠧࠡ  䨪 "祢"   ਭ,
ந஢    ᮮ⢥騬 ਭ묨   
। ⮤ 襭.
   襭 ⮩     ⥩  쥧-
  ᫥. 뢠 ᫮   ଠ쭮
⮩ ࠡ, ࣠  ।   䠪-
⨢. ᫨ 㪮⥫   孮     -
 室  ६,          
।  .
   ᫨    ᫥  ⮨,  ࣠  㤮-
⢨   業 ࠡ ⥩  㪮⥫.
    ⥩   ଫ   ⥪⮢ 䠩  ᫥-
騬 ⪠   砫:
       㪮⥫ 
       樮  
       e-mail 
       :  ਥ 
        ()
   ᠭ 㪮⥫ ⠭   ᮢ ࠡ.
ਭ ࠣ    ᫠ ࣠ࠬ  ।-
⥫쭮 業஢.

                   :  ਭ⮢
    ᡮ୨ ⫠᪨  ᮢ      -
   ᫠ ࣠ࠬ 4  ਭ, -
   । ண . 㪮⥫  㡥
 ⮬,   ਭ, 뫠  ,  ࠩ -
, ࠧ訬.  (訬 ਭ   த-
  .)
    ਭ⮢    ᮯ஢  ⥪⮢ 䠩 
ᠭ     ᫥饩 奬:
        䠩
       - 㪮⥫ 
       - ॣ樮  
       - e-mail 
       ᠭ ਭ⮢
        -  ਭ
        - 䠩  ਭ
        -  ()
        - ᠭ 祢  ਭ
        - ᪠ 業 ਭ  ।   -
          
   ਭ (䠩  ७ lab)    ⥪⮢  䠩  
ᠭ ᫥ ᫠   arj-娢     -
஢  ப,   㪠 ⥫쭮. 
  । ࠢ ஥  䠩  ਭ-
 ( 饭 ࠡ⪨ ).

     ⮣    㤥 믮   ᫥饩
奬:
   1.  祭 ਭ⮢  ࣠ ନ ,
騥  ண ⢠  ࠧ .
   2.    㤥  ᫠    ਭ⠬ 㣨
  ஢ન  業.
   3.  ஢ન 뫠   ࣠.
   4. ࣠ ।  ⥫  ⮣  ४-
 ஢ப  㡫 १ .
    ᫠ ਭ   ᡮ୨,  -
      砭  祡    襬
㭨.

    ஢થ ਭ⮢  । 짮 ᠭ
 ਥ.
                         ਩ 業
   । ᫮  ࠪ⨪ ਭ   
᫮ ꥪ⨢,  ᮤন  ᥡ 樮쭮 砫.
   । 業 ਭ   㬬 襭 -
  ⤥  ⢠, ⪮ 祭 
   - 稥 祢 ,
   - ᫮ 祢 ,
   -  祢 
   - ࠧࠧ 祢 
   - ⢥ ,
   -   ਭ.
    "७" ਭ   㪨 ஢饬 -
 ଠ,     ꥪ⨢ 業 -
. ஬ ⮣,   ४⭮  ஢થ ࠡ, 
த ᢮  祭.     ஢ ਭ,
뤥   祢 樨, 業  ᫮.  -
 뢠   ࠦ, ࠦ  ⨫-
⮩  labtotxt.exe    ᫠ ௨祩.    ,
⠪ 室  ஢થ ࠢ뢠   㤮.  -
ᠭ ⮤ ஥ ᫮ 業.
   ࠧ訬 ਭ  業  0.   ਭ⮢
    樨, 뫠  .
    ⠫  ਭ⮢  業  ਭ  
㫥:

                         B = B1+B2+B3+B4
 :
   B1 - 業  稥 祢 ,   ᫮  -
.    㬬 業    ᫮    
 祢  ,  㬭    5.  
祢  業 ᫮  1  3. 業 1 
 祢 , 2 - ।  ᫮,  3  -  祢
  襭  ᫮.  ᫨  祢    ਤ㬠
誮쭨     砥    ஥ ਭ ,
業  ᫮ ⠪  㬭  .
   B2 - 業  ࠧࠧ 祢  ࠦ ᫠
3, 6  9. 業 3 -   ਭ, ᮤঠ騥 祢
 ⮫쪮   ⨯, 業 6 - ਭ, 騥 ࠧ
 ⨯ 祢 , 業 9  -  ਭ,    ᮤঠ騥
 ⨯ 祢 .  ਭ ⮫쪮  
祢 ⮬ B2 = 3.
   B3 -  業    "⢥  ",  
㫥: 700/n,  n - ᫮ ௨祩  ਭ.
   砭.   ᫠ ௨祩  ਭ  -
짮 ⨫  labtotxt.exe,  ᠭ   ⥪ ᮡ.
 ⨫   ॢ ਭ   ᥢ-
᪨ 㭮. ᫮ ௨祩   뢠 ⨫⮩
। 㭪 ਭ.
   B4 - 業    "" ࠦ  ᫠  3, 6   9.
業 3  ᨢ ਭ, 業 6 - ਢ⥫-
, 業 9 - 砩 ᨢ.

    ⢥  ਬ ਢ ⠡  業, ஥-
묨  ᭮ ।      ஥-
 ਭ⮢  ਭ 㪠, ஥  ⥪ ᮡ:
Ŀ
ਭ  ᫮B1          B2᫮ B3       4  業     
          .              -                          
                         祩             B1+B2+B3+B4 
Ĵ
஥멳 1   15 = 5     3  79  700/79=9  6  5+3+9+6=23  
ਭ 1                                                 
Ĵ
஥멳 2   (2+1)5 = 153  62  700/62=11 6  15+3+11+6=35
ਭ 2                                                 
Ĵ
஥멳 2   (2+2)5 = 203  58  700/58=12 6  20+3+12+6=41
ਭ 3                                                 
Ĵ
ਭ   1    15 = 5    3  66  700/66=11 3  5+3+11+3=22 
㪠                                                       

        ᭥ 業 B1  ஥ ਭ 2.
    ਭ ᮤন  祢  .  ࢮ    
易  롮஬  ࢮ 室  業  ᫮ -
 2:

                           
                                       
                                       
                                 
               #      >            
                                    #
                               
                                         
                                               
                             

   業 2  ᫮  ⥬,   ࠢ쭮
室 易  ॡ஬ 筮 讣 ᫠ ਠ⮢.
      ࠧ   ࠧ訬:

                           
                                       
                                       
                                 
                                         
                                     
                               
             #                        #  
                                               
                             

                           
                                      
             #                         
                                  
                                         
                                     
                               
                                     #   
                                               
                             

   㣨  뢠  室     ⮬
  樮쭮 த:

                           
                                       
                                      
             #                    
                                         
                                     
                               
                                    #    
                                               
                             

   ஥ 祢   (業  ᫮ 1) ⠪ 易 
஡ ॡ ਠ⮢,  । ᫥饣  室,
    ᫮  ࠧ  (㤠 ਠ  ࢮ
室 㦥  ᬠਢ):

                 
                                  
                                  
                        
         >          >       # 
     #                          
          #           
                                     
                                              
                   

   쭥襥 襭  ⠭ 祢.
Ŀ
  砭. । ਩  業 ਭ⮢   
   . ⮬ ࣠ ਭ    
᪨  砭,  ।   ᮢ襭⢮   
ୠ⨢ ࠧࠡ⪨.                                      
  ⭮,  ࠡ    ਥ   襭   
砫 㯫 ਭ⮢  .                       

                              * * *

     㪮⥫.
       易⥫,   砥  믮-
   祭  ᮢ ࠡ.
   । ᫥騩 ᯮᮡ ஥  .  -
砫 ந  ਭ,     ᪫  ᯮ묨   
誠. ⥬   ᯮ⥫ (᫮    -
 ⮬), 誨 ᪨  ਭ.  ⮬ -
 ,  ⫨稥  ண,  ⮫ 誨,  ﭥ 
 ᮡ,   ਭ.  ࠧ, ᮧ 砫-
 䨣    .
   ࠭   ⮤  ஥   ࠧ訬
?
    ,  ᯮ  ⮤, ந 訥 ਭ
( ᫥ । )?
   業 ⮤ 業 ⭮    ᯮ짮-
   ப ଠ⨪?

3.3.  3. ᥫ ⨭

   ਠ ᮡ  ⥩   ᫥饩 ᫥-
⥫쭮:
   -  ࠭ ⨭    娨 ࠭   
⠢;
   -   襡묨 ⨭:
     - 襭 ;
     -  䠩 襡 ⨭  ᪥;
     - ।஢ ⮢ ;
     - ᮧ  .
   -   ᥫ묨 ⨭:
     - 襭 ;
     -  䠩 ᥫ ⨭  ᪥;
     - ᮧ  .

   㪮⥫    ਭ ⠪  ࠡ  쬨  
ந ᢮ ᮡ⢥.
   ᭮   ࠡ  ⥩   饭 ᮧ
ਣ .    ⮬, ⥫쭮, 롨  -
஢ ⥬, ।⢥ 易  ᭮ 祡
ᮬ 誮쭨.     ࠧࠡ뢠   -
ଠ⨪, , 䨧, ⥬⨪  㣨 誮 ।-
⠬.
     ।⠢  ᫥⥫쭠  ࠧ-
⪠ -  ⥬ 誮쭮 祡.
     ᮧ,  १  㤠  ࠪ-
᪮ ਬ  ப   ᢮ த 誮, ⠪  
誮 㣨  த  (,   ᡮ୨ ᪨ ࠡ
㤥 ࠧ᫠ ᥬ ⭨  砭 ).  ⨢-
    祡, ⢮᪮,  ॢ⥫쭮  -
஢   ⨬㫮 ⥫쭮 ॡ.
    ᮧ     ࠭ ⥬  ࠧ-
   ⠯:
  -   ஥ ਭ樯쭮  .
  -    ணࠬ । .

     ⠯  - ᠬ ᫮. , ⮡ ॡ  ᮧ
। ᪠: ⢮ 㯮冷祭 ꥪ⮢   ᫥-
㥬 ⥬.
  ਬ.
    ⥬⨪, 4 .

   1) 몭 ஡, 㯮冷祭  뢠.

      3/2, 4/3, 2/2, 3/4, 2/3, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4

   2) 몭 ஡, 㯮冷祭  ⠭.

         
         
        
       ᥬ 
       ﭮ 
        
        ப  
         

   3) ⢠ ᥫ.  ᫥饥 ⢮  楯窥 -
 ⢮ ।饣.
      ᫮, ⥫쭮 ᫮, ⥫쭠 ஡,
      楫 ⥫쭮 ᫮,  ࠫ쭮 ᫮, 

   4) ⢮ 楫 ᥫ, 㯮冷祭  ⠭  -
   .
      10, 1231, 22, 3, 2524, 95, 96, 7177, 18, 99

   ஠㥬 ਢ  ਬ.     ࠧ 
 㯯.
   - ᭮ .    뭮  㯮冷祭 -
⢠ ᭮ ⥮᪨ ⨩ ᫥㥬 ⥬.
       ਬ 3)

   - ࠦ.   ᯮ짮 ᭮ ⨩ ⥬
 ࠪ⨪.
       ਬ 1), 2)

   -  騪.    ୮⥩.
       ਬ 4)

   㫨஢     㯯  ᢮ ᮡ.
    㯯 "᭮ "  ᭮뢠  ⥮-
᪨  ⥬.  ਬ 4)    㫨஢-
 ⠪: "ᯮ    楯  ⢥⢨  -
䨪樥 ⢠ ᥫ".
    㯯 "ࠦ"   ७஢  ࠪ.
 㫨஢  뢠  ਧ  㯮冷稢 -
⮢  ⢠.    ਬ 1): "ᯮ  몭
஡  浪 뢠  ᫮ 祭".
    㯯  "  騪" 㫨஢   ᮤ-
 ࠧ ⨯ " ࠢ,  ஬ ஥ 楯窠
ꥪ⮢".
   ⠯  ਤ뢠     ⢥⢥   ॡ
ᨬ ᨫ  㪮⥫.     । ⥬,
     室騩 ਠ  , 
⢠ । ⮡     ,
।஢ ᪨ 㫨஢ .
    ஬  ⠯  ⮡࠭     ॠ
ணࠬ묨 ।⢠ .  ।⠢ ࠧ㬭 ࠧ-
   訥 㯯     । -
    ॠ樨.  ,   㯯 ⮨
  祫 (㯯):
           -  ,
           - 㤮⢥ ନ⥫,
           - 몠 ନ⥫.
   ᪨   몠  䠩, ᮤঠ騥  , 
ᬮ   ⥬     ᮧ
. ⮬,  ⭮,  ॡ   -
᪨  몠 .
    몠  ࠣ 室 ᮧ, ᯮ
। ଠ騪.  ⮬   ਤ뢠 ᢮ 
 ९뢠   ଠ騪   졮.
   ᪨ 樨   ᮧ  㤮  
 㣮 ᪮ ।, 饬 뢠 䠩-
     ᪨ ଠ  PIC  PCX.  ᫨  㭮
ᮧ    㤮,  "㦥த" ᪨ ।
室 ந  "஡⫠᪨" ० ࠭:  16-梥-
   ࠧ襭 640350.

            ⫠᪮ ᡮ୨  

    1.    ணࠬ 襡 ⨭.

   , ਤ㬠  쬨,    ꥤ   
᪮쪮 ਩, 뫠        ⤥
arj-娢.
   Arj-  ਨ  ᮤঠ:
      - 䠩-  (䠩  ७ men),
      - 䠩- (䠩   ७ tsk, ᠭ  
        ),
      - ᪨  몠 樨  砬 (䠩 
        ७ pic, pcx  mus)
      - ⮣ࠬ    (䠩  ७ cut)
      - ᠭ  (⥪⮢ 䠩   task.txt)

     ᠭ   뢠  筮 ⥪-
 ASCII-। (஭, ஬, ⮭, Multi-Edit...)  
 ᫥ :
 -  ਨ 
 - 樮  
 - ஭  
 - 㪮⥫ 
 - ⪠ ࠪ⨪ ਨ
 - ᠭ  
   ᠭ    ஥  ᫥饩 奬:
   -     
   -  䠩, ᮤঠ饣 
   -  䠩  몠묨  ᪨ ﬨ
   - ()
   - ⠭ 
   - ࠢ ஥ 楯窨
   - ४樨  ᯮ짮   誮 ப

    2.    ணࠬ  ᥫ ⨭. -
 ࠡ ଫ ⠪ ,    1.
    ᫥ ᫠   ࣠஢   ப, -
  㪠 ⥫쭮.

   3.4.  4. 窠

     ঠ

1.   ⠡
   1.1. ࢮ ।⠢
   1.2.  뢠 ⠡
   1.3.  ଠ 㤮 ࠭  ⠡
   1.4.  ࠧ ଠ  ⠡
2. 襭  窨
   2.1.   
   2.2.  蠥,  ६ 
3. ࠡ⪠ 
   3.1. ᪠ 窨
        3.1.1.  ᫮ - ਤ㬠 
        3.1.2.  ࠬ஢ 
        3.1.3.  ⠡
        3.1.4.  ᫮ 
        3.1.5.    ᫮  
        3.1.6.  ꥪ⮢
        3.1.7.  ⮢ 
   3.2.  
   3.3.    

   㥬   ࠡ    쬨 ⥪  ᮤঠ
ᮡ "⫠᪨ ".

1.   ⠡
      ᯮᮡ 㯮冷稢 ଠ樨 
ࠧ   ன⢥, ᯮ짮  ஥ ।⠢-
 쬠    ࠬ ଠ᪮ ࠧ -
⥩.
   ਠ ᮮ⢥饣  ࠣ      
뢠  ⥬,     筮  ꥬ    ᮤন
  , ᯨ᮪  ⥫ (  祭-
)   த.    ⥫    -
쭮 ⥬   ᮢ ࠡ.   砥  -
  쬠  ਧ⥫,  ᫨    -
,    ४樨  襭 ⮩  .

2. 襭 

   , ᮤঠ騥    ணࠬ   窠, 祭
த   ⥬, ⠪   ᮤঠ.   ᫥ -
ᬠਢ       㤠 ࠧ , ਧ-
 ,         ⮣ ண-
ࠬ ।⢠ ⫠.
    ।⠢  ,   㪢쭮  ⮢ -
ࠦ 窨  襭 ᥬ 童 ᪮ -
.  ⥫   ।   ᠬ ⥩  
 - 㣮 ਩  । ࠦ-
 窨. , ⮡    蠫   -
    襭 頫    ⮫쪮  ᮤঠ-
 ,     ࠭ ।⠢   ᯮᮡ "-
⢨"     짮⥫.      ⠯
஢.

3. ࠡ⪠  

   樨   ⮣ ⠯  ४樨  -
஢  ᥫ ⨭.
   ⥫쭮,   ஢  롨  ⥬,  ।-
⢥ 易  ᭮ 祡 ᮬ.   ࠧ-
ࠡ뢠   ଠ⨪, , 䨧, ⥬⨪
 㣨 誮 ।⠬.
     ।⠢  ᫥⥫쭠  ࠧ-
⪠ -  ⥬ 誮쭮 祡.

   , ਤ㬠  쬨,    ꥤ   
᪮쪮 ਩, 뫠         -
 arj-娢.
   Arj-  ਨ  ᮤঠ:
      - 䠩-  (䠩  ७ lst),
      - 䠩- (䠩   ७ tab, ᠭ  
        ),
      - ⮣ࠬ    (䠩  ७ cut)
      - ᠭ  (⥪⮢ 䠩   task.txt)

     ᠭ   뢠  筮 ⥪-
 ASCII-। (஭, ஬, ⮭, Multi-Edit...)  
 ᫥ :
 -  ਨ 
 - 樮  
 - ஭  
 - 㪮⥫ 
 - ⪠ ࠪ⨪ ਨ
 - ᠭ  
   ᠭ    ஥  ᫥饩 奬:
   -     
   -  䠩, ᮤঠ饣 
   - ()
   - ⠭ 
   - ४樨  ᯮ짮   誮 ப

    ᫥ ᫠   ࣠஢   ப, -
  㪠 ⥫쭮.


      襭   ᮡ "⫠᪨ "

    1. ⢥  ᫥騥    ⠡ Norton'
 ⠫ KURSROB:
            Ŀ
                            ६ 
            Ĵ
            ..          <⠫>06-27-9710:26a
            DOC         <⠫>06-27-9710:27a
            ICON        <⠫>06-27-9710:27a
            KURS        <⠫>06-27-9710:28a
            SYS         <⠫>06-27-9710:27a
            go       bat        806-27-9710:39a
            ini      bat       2606-27-97 6:18p
            adp      exe   17,27712-11-95 6:20p
            desk     exe  129,85907-01-97 1:35p
            dp       exe   49,11807-24-9611:17a
            maindesk exe    5,60507-19-96 9:59a
            rdd      exe   17,36012-13-95 7:09p
            rview    exe   29,70110-16-95 9:40a
            desk     ini      90306-30-9710:29a
            dp       pic   47,61611-23-94 9:46a
            
   1)   ப  ⮫殢.
   ⢥.
    ப:
            ..
            DOC
            ICON
            KURS
            SYS
            go       bat
            ini      bat
            adp      exe
            desk     exe
            dp       exe
            maindesk exe
            rdd      exe
            rview    exe
            desk     ini
            dp       pic

    ⮫殢:
            
            
            ६

   砭.  ""      ⮫,
⮬   ⮫ ᮤন  ப  ᠬ ⠡-
   ਭ.  ""   ࠪ-
᪮ ਧ ⮫.
   2)     ࠪ᪨ ਧ  ᯮ짮 
஥ ⠡,   ਭ 祭?
   ࠪ᪨ ਧ  ⮫  -  ꥪ  ᪥.
 ਭ 祭  "..", "DOC"  ⠪ , .. ⢮
祭 ⮣ ਧ   ⠫  䠩.
   ࠪ᪨  ਧ  ப  - ᢮⢠ ꥪ.  
ਭ 祭 ,   ६.

   砭. 祭 ".."   "த⥫᪮" -
⠫,  ,  ⮣ ⠫, ⠫ ண -
 ⠫, ।⠢  ⠡. 롮   Norton' ⠪
ப  ਡ   ᪮  ॢ,  롮
ப, ᮤঠ  ⠫ - 㤠  .

   4)  ࠧ୮ ⮩ ⠡?
    ⢥: 15x3

    2. ன ⠡  ᫥騬 ᠭ  ⢥-
  :
   1) T    = i+j (i = 1, ..., 5; j = 1, ..., 5)
       i,j

   襭
                          Ŀ
                          1 2 3 4 5 
                       Ĵ
                       1 2 3 4 5 6 
                       Ĵ
                       2 3 4 5 6 7 
                       Ĵ
                       3 4 5 6 7 8 
                       Ĵ
                       4 5 6 7 8 9 
                       Ĵ
                       5 6 7 8 9 10
                       
   ) ୮ ⠡ 5x5.
   )  ⠡ 25 ⮪.
   )     ᨬ筮. ⥫⢮:  ⠡
⭠ , ஬ ⮣,

      T    = i+j = j+i = T
       i,j                j,i
  i  j  ⢠ ⨬ 祭.

   ) , 

                T     =  T     + 1,   j   i > 1
                 i,j      i-1,j
     몠       ॢ ⠪:
",       ⠡, ஬ ᯮ 
ࢮ ப,        ,
ᯮ  ⮬  ⮫ ᥤ ப ᢥ".
   ⥫⢮:
         T     =  i + j = (i - 1) + j + 1 = T     + 1
          i,j                              i-1,j
                          
                                T
                                 i-1,j

   ) , 

                T     =  T     + 1,   i   j > 1
                 i,j      i,j-1
   ⥫⢮:
         T     =  i + j = i + (j-1)  + 1 = T     + 1
          i,j                              i,j-1
                          
                                T
                                 i,j-1

   ) ,  㬬   ᥫ    ப  
⮫ ⠡ ⭠ .
   ⥫⢮:
   㬬 ᥫ   ப  ஬ i ࠢ
S = T    + T   + T  + T  + T   = i+1 + i+2 + i+3 + i+4 + i+5 =
     i,1   i,2   i,3  i,4  i,5

   =  5i + (1+2+3+4+5) = 5i+15 = 5(i+3)
   ⠪,  稫,  㬬 S      ந-
  ᥫ,      ࠢ  . ⭮, 
⠪ ᫮   .

   2) T    = 10i-j (i = 1, ..., 4; j = 1, ..., 5)
       i,j

   襭
                          Ŀ
                          1 2 3 4 5 
                       Ĵ
                       1 9 8 7 6 5 
                       Ĵ
                       2 1918171615
                       Ĵ
                       3 2928272625
                       Ĵ
                       4 3938373635
                       

   ) ୮ ⠡ 4x5
   )  ᮤন 20 ⮪.
   )    ᨬ筮, ⮬    -
⭠.
   ) , 
                T     -  T     = 10 ,   j   i < 4
                 i+1,j      i,j

   ᭠ 㫨஢: ",  ࠧ   ᥤ-
 ᫠   ⮫ ᥣ ࠢ 10".

   ⥫⢮:

  T     -  T      = (10(i+1) - j) - (10i - j) =
   i+1,j     i,j                           
                          
                        T              T
                         i+1,j           i,j

   = 10i + 10 - j - 10i  + j = 10

   ) , 

       T     -  T     = 1,   i   j < 5
        i,j+1    i,j

   ᭠ 㫨஢: ",  ࠧ   ᥤ-
 ᫠   ப ᥣ ࠢ 1".

   ⥫⢮:

  T     -  T      = (10i - (j+1)) - (10i - j) =
   i,j+1   i,j                           
                    
                        T              T
                         i,j+1         i,j

   = 10i - j + 1 - 10i  + j = 1

   ) ,  㬬  ᥫ      ப  ⠡
⭠ ,    ⮫ - ⭠ ६.
   ⥫⢮.
   㬬 ᥫ   i- ப ࠢ:
    T    + T   + T   + T   + T    =
     i,1    i,2   i,3   i,4   i,5
   10i-1 + 10i-2 + 10i-3 + 10i-4 +10i-5 =
   =  510i - (1+2+3+4+5) = 50i - 15 = 5(10i-3)

    3.    롮 ⠡楩? ᫨  ,  -
     ࠧ୮?     ࠪ᪨ ਧ
 ஥?
   襭.
    롮,  ᮤঠ饥  n ࠧ,  ⠡楩 ࠧ-
୮ nx1, ᫨  ᯮ ⨪쭮   ⠡楩 ࠧ-
୮ 1xn,  ᫨   ᯮ ਧ⠫쭮.  롮
 ⠡   : 筮 ⪨ ᠬ ⠡ 
ࠦ,   ࠦ ⮫쪮  ப  -
쭮    ⮫殢  ਧ⠫쭮.
   ᬮਬ ਬ ⨪쭮  ஭:
                           Ŀ
                            ⠭ 
                            ⥭  
                            
                            ⠫ 
                              
                           
     ᬠਢ  饭 ।⠢  ᫥-
饩 ⠡:
                             Ŀ
                             ⬥⪠ 롮࠳
                   Ĵ
                    ⠭            
                   Ĵ
                    ⥭             
                   Ĵ
                                  
                   Ĵ
                    ⠫            
                   Ĵ
                                 
                   
   ࠪ᪨  ਧ  ப -   ࠧ,
ࠪ᪨ ਧ ⮫ - ⬥⪠  롮 ࠧ.
    짮⥫ ६頥 ᢥ    , ᮤন
⠡ .

    4.   ⠡楩 ਪ, 頥 筮
   ⮪?

   襭.
   ᬮਬ ਪ   ⠫ 2000 :
    Ŀ
                      ࠫ                
    Ĵ
        3  10 17 24 31   7 14 21 28      6  13 20 27 
        4  11 18 25   1  8 15 22 29      7  14 21 28 
        5  12 19 26   2  9 16 23      1  8  15 22 29 
        6  13 20 27   3 10 17 24      2  9  16 23 30 
        7  14 21 28   4 11 18 25      3 10  17 24 31 
     1  8  15 22 29   5 12 19 26      4 11  18 25    
     2  9  16 23 30   6 13 20 27      5 12  19 26    
    
      ⠡楩  ࠧ୮  1x4. ࠪ-
᪨ ਧ ⮫ -  ,  ப - -
   .  ਢ筮  ⠡  ᮢ
⠪:
             Ŀ
                  ࠫ      ५   
 Ĵ
   쳊 쳊
      ﭢ쳭 䥢ࠫ쳭    ५
 
    ⪠  ⮩  ⠡ ᭮  ⠡楩, -
, ࢠ ⪠ ᮤন  ⠡  -   ﭢ -
:
                  Ŀ
                  1 2 3 4 5 6 
              Ĵ
                 3 10172431
              Ĵ
                 4 111825  
              Ĵ
                 5 121926  
              Ĵ
                 6 132027  
              Ĵ
                 7 142128  
              Ĵ
               1 8 152229  
              Ĵ
               2 9 162330  
              

   ୮  ⮩ ⠡  7x6.  ࠪ᪨  ਧ
ப   -  , ⮫ -   .
   砭.   "" ᠬ 讥   6 -
,    筮  ,     
"⮩".
   ,   , 뢠 묨,  ⮬
  ⪠ ⠪ ⠡ ᮤন ⠡.

    7.  ਢ  ⠡,    -
:
   )     Ŀ
           2  5 10 
          Ĵ
           5  8 13 
          Ĵ
           1013 18 
          
                     2    2
 ⢥.    M     =  i  + j  (i = 1,2,3; j = 1,2,3)
             i,j


   )     Ŀ
           2  3  4 
          Ĵ
           5  6  7 
          Ĵ
           1011 12 
          
                     2
 ⢥.    M     =  i  + j  (i = 1,2,3; j = 1,2,3)
             i,j


   )     Ŀ
           1  2 3  
          Ĵ
           2  2 3  
          Ĵ
           3  3 3  
          

 ⢥.    M     =  max(i,j)  (i = 1,2,3; j = 1,2,3)
             i,j


   )     Ŀ
           1  1 1  
          Ĵ
           1  2 2  
          Ĵ
           1  2 3  
          
 ⢥.    M     =  min(i,j)  (i = 1,2,3; j = 1,2,3)
             i,j


   )     Ŀ
           1  1 1  
          Ĵ
           2  2 2  
          Ĵ
           3  3 3  
          

 ⢥.    M     =  i  (i = 1,2,3; j = 1,2,3)
             i,j

   e)     Ŀ
           1  2 3  
          Ĵ
           1  2 3  
          Ĵ
           1  2 3  
          

 ⢥.    M     =  j  (i = 1,2,3; j = 1,2,3)
             i,j

   )     Ŀ
           1 1/21/3
          Ĵ
           2  1 2/3
          Ĵ
           3 3/21  
          

 ⢥.    M     =  i/j  (i = 1,2,3; j = 1,2,3)
             i,j


   )     Ŀ
           6 3  2  
          Ĵ
           12 6 4  
          Ĵ
           189  6  
          

 ⢥.    M     =  6i/j  (i = 1,2,3; j = 1,2,3)
             i,j


    8.    ࠢ,    ஥ ᫥騥
⠡:

   )     Ŀ
                
          Ĵ        㪢  ஬ i+j
                
          Ĵ
                
          

 ⢥.  M     = 㪢  ஬ i+j (i = 1,2,3; j = 1,2,3)
           i,j


   )     Ŀ
                
          Ĵ        㪢  ஬ ij
                
          Ĵ
                
          
 ⢥.  M     = 㪢  ஬ ij (i = 1,2,3; j = 1,2,3)
           i,j

 )
          Ŀ
                           
     Ĵ
        ઠ   ⨢  
     Ĵ
          ஢  
     Ĵ
         㡳맮  
     

   ⢥.   ⪥ ᠭ ᫮, 稭饥  㪢,
஥   ப,    稢饥 㪢,
஥   ⮫.

    9.   ப   ⮫殢  ᫥
⠡:

   )

    ⢥.
        Ŀ
        -   
         -- 
             
   Ĵ
       ஢   
   Ĵ
        ࠳
   Ĵ
       ᮡୠ  
   

   )
      ⢥.

                       Ŀ
                         1   2    3   
                       ᪫-᪫-᪫-
                       
       Ĵ
       ⢨⥫쭮   
       

   )

 ⢥.
    Ŀ
        1       2      3    
    ᪫- ᪫- ᪫- 
                   
 Ĵ
       ᫮   蠤  
 Ĵ
   廊    ᫮  蠤  
 Ĵ
   拉    ᫮  蠤  
 Ĵ
       ᫮  蠤  
 Ĵ
   拉   ᫮ 蠤 
 Ĵ
    拉   ᫮ 蠤
 

    )

  ⢥.

        Ŀ
        梥      ⢮-  
                        -
                               
 Ĵ
    ᫠⢮ਬ멳
 Ĵ
 ᮫    ᮫멳⢮ਬ멳
 

 )
 ⢥.
         Ŀ
         - ﭨ  -⭮
          ⢠  -/. 
         ﳬ ᫮-         
                                  
  Ĵ
      100        1000    
  Ĵ
    -183  ⢥म ⥫ 7800    
  

   3.5.  5. ய

   ਤ뢠  ଠ樮 -    -
   ।  ய த 饥 -
᪮ ࠢ ࢮ ᥬ.
   -०, ⥫  롮 ⥬, ।⢥
易  ᭮ 祡 ᮬ.
   , ਤ㬠  쬨,    ꥤ   
᪮쪮 ਩, 뫠        ⤥
arj-娢.
   Arj-  ਨ  ᮤঠ:
   - 䠩-  (䠩  ७ lst),
   - 䠩- (䠩    ७  gam, ᠭ  
     ),
   - 䠩-⨭ (䠩   ७  pic  pcx,  
       , ᠭ  ),
   - ⮣ࠬ    (䠩  ७ cut)
   - ᠭ  (⥪⮢ 䠩   task.txt)

     ᠭ   뢠  筮 ⥪-
 ASCII-। (஭, ஬, ⮭, Multi-Edit...)  
 ᫥ :
 -  ਨ 
 - 樮  
 - ஭  
 - 㪮⥫ 
 - ⪠ ࠪ⨪ ਨ
 - ᠭ  
   ᠭ    ஥  ᫥饩 奬:
   -     
   -  䠩, ᮤঠ饣 
   -  䠩, ᮤঠ饣 ⨭
   - ()
   - ᫮ 
   - 襭  (  ⠡,   ⮩,  -
       ⥪ ᮡ  "⫠᪨  " 
      襭  " ᨮ")
   - ४樨  ᯮ짮   誮 ப

    ᫥ ᫠     ப,  -
 㪠 ⥫쭮.

   3.6.  6. 誠

   誠 쬠  ணࠬ த.   -
஭,  ᪨ ।,  ⮬      ᮧ-
 㭪.   誠  । ⢥ ⫨砥
 ணࠬ 㤮, ⮬  誠  -  -
᪨ ।.  砥,   ⠪ த⠬, 
Corel Draw, 誠 ࠭  ᢮      뢠  
   ଠ  梥   祪 ࠭,  ࠢ -
஥ ⤥ 䨣 ,    뢠      
祭, 蠡.    ⮬  ᫥  誠  訬
ய᪨ ।⢮  ୮ 䨪,   室
   ப  ਬ   । ᨮ -
  㤮   ⨯ਪ஢.  稭  ୮
 ।஢ ᮤন   襭 "⥫" 
⭮襭  ।ࠬ .  ᠬ  ,  ।-
,  稭   짮⥫, ⠢   ࠭
梥 窨,      ⮬,  䨣  ࠧ. 
筮 ।  ஥    ࠧ,
७  㣮  ࠭,  ࠣ  ⮬ 㣨
䨣.  ।   ᯮᮡ 뤥  ।
⢠ 祪   ࠭. 㣮  -  ।. 
஥ 䨣    ࠪ⨪  -
ந   ,      ⮬   㣨 
㭪.  த 誨 室  ,
 㯠  ࠡ  ⨬ ணࠬ ।⢮.
    㣮  ஭,  誠 ᪮॥ , 祬 -
᪨ ।.  ᠬ , ⢥ ᯮᮡ - -
ᮢ  ࠭ -  ந 蠡.  誥  .
 אַ㣮,  㣮     蠡 ᮡ
, , ମ. 樠  蠡, -
騩  ࠧ 㬥 ⠬,  -
  䨣    "㤮⢥묨" ⠬. ।  
⠬  㯯, ।祭  ஥  祫-
᪮ ;   㯯  "⮫"  㯯 "". 
蠡   蠡   㬥  -
   㭪 㤮⢮⥫쭮 ⢠.  -
 - 㬠,   ந  ᨢ 㭮 ⮫쪮
    ᪨  䨣,    ᬮ  ⨭
see.kp , ⭮,  ᮬ  .
   ᮡ     誥  蠡, ஥ 
 㬥 ஢.   蠡   ࠧ
אַ㣮 ࠣ⮢  ࠭. ⮬    
"窨" 㣨 蠡, ⠪,   ,  -
㣮쭨  ᬥ, 祭    ࠭ ᮢ
蠡.   蠡, 祭   ஢, -
, ⥬  ,  ஬ 梥 祪,  騬 -
 ⮬,    誠  ᥣ   ந 
㣮   ࠭     ࠧ.    ⮬, 
誠 ࠭  ᠭ ⠪ 蠡 ࠧ  न
ਣ,  ⠪ न ,    ᮢᥬ   梥 祪
 ਣ.
   ᮢ 蠡  , 祬 ᮢ , ⮬ 
ᮢ ॢ頥  ஢. ઠ  ⮢ -
⠫ -   ⭮   ᭮ 設 ⥩,   ६
 ᮢ  㢫 -饬  ⥩, 
㤮⢥ . ஬ ⮣, ஢ ᠬ 
ᥡ  ⢮᪮ ⥫쭮, ࠧ饩 ᯮᮡ
⥩.  ᨫ ⮣ ᪨ "" 誨 -
ᮬ ᮤঠ ⨢ ᪮ ୮.
   ,   ᬠਢ  ᯮ⥫,  -
饣 ணࠬ ஥  㭪. , ⠢騥
 ணࠬ,  ।⠢ ᮡ ᠭ 蠡,  冷
᫥   冷 ஥ 䨣  ࠭.
   ணࠬ  ஥  㭪 ᥣ ,     
ࠧ,  横, ,    ணࠬ, 祭  -
冷  ᫥ .
   ᯮ⥫᪠ 魮  誨    ३
 ࢮ  ᪮  ᥬ  ஬ - ணࠬ-
᪮.
    祭᪮  ⥪  쭮   ,  ࠦ
७஢筮  楯㠫쭮 ࠪ    誨, -
筮,  ਤ㬠 ࠧ .
   ᫨ ⥫ 孮  ࠢ,     ᤥ
   ᢮ ᮢ ࠡ. ९⥫ 㭨 
㤮⢨    ਣ묨 ﬨ   ᮣ-
  ᤥ  ﭨ  ⥫ 襣 .

   ⨭, ᮢ  쬨,  ᫠   
  arj-娢.   ⨭  arj-娢  ᮤ-
 ⥪⮢  䠩-ᠭ (  뢠  筮
⥪⮢    ASCII-।    (஭,    ஬,    ⮭,
Multi-Edit...)   ᫥ :
 - 樮  
 - ஭  
 - 㪮⥫ 
 - ᠭ  ⨭
   ᠭ ⨭   ஥  ᫥饩 奬:
    -  ⨭
    -  䠩, ᮤঠ饣 ⨭  ଠ KP
    - ()
    - ⪮ ᠭ  ⨭  (, 祬  祬 ࠦ-
       ).
    ᫥ ᫠     ப,  -
 㪠 ⥫쭮.
