





                         -1-











                    





 "ࠪ᪮ ᯮ짮 ⥬ ⠡筮 

                  ( ᬮ  ࠭)

                㯥ઠ-4 (SuperCalc-4) "







 
               1. 饥 ᠭ ⥬.




















 
                      1. .

       ஢ ॡ       ந⥫쭮
ࠢ᪮  㤠    ᥬ        襩   ࠭
ﭭ  蠥.         ᫮   ⮬⨧
ࠢ᪮ 㤠  ਮ⠥ ࢮ⥯  祭.
᭮묨  ଠ樮묨  栬,       
ﭭ  ᯮ,      ࠡ뢠,  
設⢥ 砥, 㦠 㬥 ⠡筮 ⨯.
            ணࠬ     ।,     ॠ騩
ᮮ⢥騥   樨,   ਭ   뢠   ⠡
஬.   ⠫ 易⥫ ⮬
⮬⨧樨 ०   ࠢ᪮  ⥫쭮.  
 ᮭ  ஢    㪠  짮⥫
।稫  横 ࠧࠡ⪨  ஢ ⮢  
ਬ . ।⠢⥫ﬨ ணࠬ ।  
ॠ樨  㭪権   ਪ  ணࠬ
 ࠡ   "஭묨  ⠡栬" (SpreadSheets  -  
᪨ ᫮ Spread-殮,  Sheet -).  
拉   ⥣஢   ⮢   ⠪   ॠ   
.

           1.1. ⨥  ஭ ⠡.

⠭ ஡.

       ࠭   ࠡ⠭  ,  ।⠢塞  
,   ⠡,      業   ଠ樥   
ࠢ᪮  .      믮   ⮢
ॡ ⥫쭮  ६   ⨭ 樨.  
  ६⥫쭠  ஡  -    ⮢  奬  
ࠬ.
        㯥ઠ  ।⠢     ᢠ
     㭪権  ஢  ࠧ筮
த  ⮢,  뢮  ⠡    饥  ன⢮,
ᯥ 롮  ।      
, ஥ ࠧ筮  ࠬ  䨪.
       㯥ઠ  ᪠  ꥤ  ⠡.   ਬ
  㯥ઠ,      ਬ,
᢮  (⠡)  ᪮쪨 ⢠.
       䥪⨢ 蠥  㯥ઠ   
 ⨯  ꥬ .

 ⠪ ஭ ⠡ ?

       ஭ ⠡ -   㬥  ᨢ ப  
⮫殢, ࠧ頥    ().  ப
( Row )  ࠬ,   ⮫ ( Column ) -  
 㬨  ⨭᪨ 㪢.   祭  ப  
⮫ 뢠 ⪠ ( Cell )  砥 ⠭
㪢   (ਬ, A2, BE258).  ⥬  뢠
⥬ 뫮.
        㯥ઠ      9999  ப    127
⮡殢 (  A  Z, ⥬  AA  AZ, BA  BZ  ..)
       㯥ઠ -   ணࠬ   訬  ﬨ.
 ᪠ ਬ , ᠭ  ० 
 몥 Basic,   ⢥. ᫨  室
 (᪠)  믮 - ⢨, 
  㭪樮쭮  F1 ( Help ).



              1.2. 㬥਩ 㯥ઠ.

       ଠ,  ⠪ ணࠬ ࠭  ᮭ
  ᪠.

᪮.

          ਬ塞            
᪮,   ⨭᪨ 㪢: C  -
 祭 ⪮  ᪠ "",  A   B -  
祭  ᪮ "䫮-᪮".
        㬮砭   ⠡ 㤥  ᪠ ᥣ  
 ( C  ).  ⮬  砥,      
   ⠡   ᪮ A    B,     ।
 䠩 㪠 㪢 ᪮  १ ᨬ ":"  
䠩. ਬ,  A:File  (७ .CAL    ⮬  
.

-᪨.

         뢠    ᪨  (᪥),   
㦠 ᭮ ⥫ .   
 ⠡      (..  
⠡ ᫥  ᮧ  ४஢    
    ᪥).  ᫨    ६    ᪥,    
室 ।⥫쭮 ࠧ.  稨  ""
    ᪥⮩,      ந   
࠭ ⠡,  ⮫쪮  䫮஬.
.  ਢ ᪥     ⪨
騬 㧫!  ⠪ ਪ  孮  
⨥ !
  ⨯ 䠩.

       뫪   䠩  ⢫  ⥬  㪠  
 (  1  8  ᨬ)  ⨯ (  ᫥ ᨬ "."  
 3-  ᨬ).  㯥ઠ ᯮ  ᫥騥  ⨯
䠩:
       .CAL -  䠩    ⠪  ⨯  ७  ᮧ
⮬ 㯥ઠ  믮  /Save  (),
   ஢,           ⮫쪮
 /Load (㧨);
       .PRN  -   䠩   ⠪  ⨯   ᮧ   
㯥ઠ /Output ( 뤠    ).   㯭  
ᬮ 樮 ⥬   Type;
       .BAK - ।騥 ᨨ 䠩   ᪥
  믮    㯥ઠ  /Save    /Output   
ࠬ஬ BackUp;
       .XQT - 䠩 ⠪ ⨯ ᮧ  /Output 
ࠬ஬ File. 쪮   䠩     ⠪
⨯  믮   㯥ઠ /Execute (  믮
).   䠩    ᬮ      樮
⥬ Type.;
       .COM -  ⨯ 䠩  ਬ  譨  .
 ணࠬ 㯥ઠ (⠪ 뢠 㧮 )
  SC4.COM ;
       .HLP   -   ⨯   䠩,   ᮤঠ   ᭥   
ਨ;
       .OVL -    㯥ઠ  ⠪  䠩  ਬ  
믮  .
       ७ .CAL, .PRN  .XQT    饭  
ᯮ짮    㯥ઠ  /Save,  /Load,   /Delete,
/Output  /Execute.

          2.   㯥ઠ.

                  2.1. ࣠ ⠡.

맮 㯥ઠ.

       ᫨ 짮⥫ ࠡ⠥  ⥬ ,  ࠢ
०  "      ⠡楩",     ࠭   ᮭ쭮
  㤥    砫  (ॣ樮)  
 㯥ઠ.
       ᫨   짮⥫   ந   㧪    
㯥ઠ     MSDOS,     室  ᭠砫      
४   (ਬ,  CALC   SC4)    ᤥ
"" 㧮筮  SC4.COM.  ᫥ 祣   ࠭
 砫 .
       ⮡    ࠡ         .
ࠢ ଠ   ⨥ 㭪樮쭮
 F1.
       ᫥ 砫쭮      ࠭    
஭ ⠡ (ப  1-  20-), ⮫  A  
H.   ଠ樮 ப.

ࠦ ⠡  ࠭.

         㯥ઠ  ᮤঠ  9999 ப  
127 ⮫殢,  .. ᥣ  1  269   873  ⪨.
 ⠡    ,  ᯮ    /Global.
஡  ⮬ 㤥 ᪠ .
       ⠭⭠ ⠡    ࠭  ᮤন  20  ப.
᫮ ⮫殢    ਭ (ᥣ  ࠭  
ਭ ᢥ 80 ᨬ). ਭ ⮫殢   㬮砭
ࠢ 9 ᨬ. ⪠ A1 뤥  ࠭ 梥⮬  
ᢥ⪮.  ᢥ⪠ 뢠 ⠡ ஬.
       ᫥ 4  ப   ࠭  ᮤঠ  ᯥ樠
ଠ.   (Status line) - ᮤন ଠ
 㭪樮 ,  (஬  F1 )   ࠧ
 ࠡ  ⠡楩  ᯮ짮 ࠧ 
㯥ઠ  ࠧ 㭪樨.
       ।᫥ ப  (Entry  line) -  ப  .
   ⢫       ⠡  
맮    㯥ઠ.    ப     ᮡ⢥
,     ப   ᫥   
 -  ᨬ.     ப    
ந     ०   ४஢   (   /Edit
।஢     F2).    ࠭   ப
  ᨬ " 1) " .  뢠   ⥪饩
樨   ப  ( 뢠   
   ਭ ⪨).
        ᭨ ப   - ப  ᪠,   ன
ਢ    ࠬ  ᯮ㥬    
㯥ઠ, ..  -  (     
࠭ ᫥    ᨬ "  /  "),    ⠪  뤠
ᢥ  饭  ࠡ 訡.
       ࢠ   4 ப   -  ப ﭨ,  ᮤঠ
᫥ ଠ:
          - ५ 뢠 ࠢ   
᫥ ।   Enter;
          -  祭  ⥪饩   (⨢)  ⪨,   
ன 室 ᢥ騩 ⠡ ;
          - ਭ ⪨  (Width);
          -  ⠢訩      ࠡ   ꥬ   ⨢
-᫮ ࠭  512 ⮢;
          - 祭 ᫥ ⮩ ଠ樥 ⪨
⠡ (Last);

          - ᮤন ⨢ ⪨ (᫨    ).
  ⮬  ᢥ稢   "Text",  ᫨        
ᨬ쭠 ଠ,    "Form"  -  ᫨      
㫠  .

  ⠡筮 .

        ࢮ砫쭮 室   㯥ઠ   ࠭
 ஭ ⠡  ⠡   室   ⪥
A1.     ।   ⠡,  ᯮ  
५ ࠢ ஬ (<- , ->, I, I). 祬,  
த     ࠢ   ⠡    ࠭  
  ப  ⮫.
       ࠭   19  ப (  ஢  )  ᬮ
⠡ - ⢫    PgUp ()  PgDn
().   ⨨   Home ⠡    ᥣ
६頥   砫  ⠡   ⪥  A1.    ⨨
 End   ࠭   ࠢ   ᮮ饭  
⮬ ,      ५  , ⠡  
३  ᫥  ⪥ ⠡.
       ᫨   " = "    Enter,  
⠡ ᤢ ⠪,  ⥪ ⪠ ⠭ ᠬ 
 ࠭, ப  ⮫ - 묨.
       ᫨ ᫥   "  = "   न
- ⪨  (ਬ,  =S58),    ᫥  믮
 Enter ⪠ S58 ⠭   孥 㣫 ࠭.

㭪  Help.

        㦥  㯮,     ⨨    F1  
࠭    ଠ       ⢨   
ࠢ  .
       設⢮  㯥ઠ 稭  ᨬ  "
/ "  뢠  -. ᫥   "  /
"  (  ஢     )     ࠭     2-
ଠ樮 ப  祭   
㯥ઠ   ⢨   ⠬    ᥩ  ⠡楩.
   F1,   ᬮ    ଠ    
祭.

襭 ᥠ ࠡ.

          襭   ࠡ       ⮬    㯥ઠ
ᯮ  /Quit (室).   " / "
  ࠭   2 ப   筥 -.  
믮      筮    ᢥ騩
  㦭        Enter.  ᫥
⮣,    믮   /Quit,   ப  ᪠
 , 騩  ⢨:
                    N(o)   Y(es)  or  T(o), ..
                                ३  ...
        砥 "   "  ୥   ⥪饩 ⠡,  
ன  ࠡ⠫.  砥  "  "   멤   
㯥ઠ , ᫨   ।⥫쭮   ࠭  ⠡,
 㤥 ﭠ. ࠢ " ३ ..."   ࠭
     "⮢" ஭ ⠡.
       室  ⬥,      쭥襬     㤥
짮 ᮪饭  -.   /QY
砥:  /Quit  ࠬ Yes.


                2.2.    ⠡.

᭮ ⨯ ⠡ 

         ࠡ   㯥ઠ   ᯮ  
⨯ 権  ப :
       -   ⠡;
       -  ;
       -  .
           ⠡    ⠡筮  
 ਫ .
         ࠢ      ப         ᯮ
- ।஢ /Edit. ᫥ ⮣   
 ५    (   ࠢ)   ப
. ᫨     ⨬ - ࠢ, 
 ⮣  ᯮ짮  "Back space" (  孥
஢    ࠢ     <---),   ⮬
࠭ ࠭ ଠ ࠥ  㦭  ᨬ 
ࠥ .  ⮫쪮       
Enter    ५,   ᮤন ப  
७   ⨢   ⠡.   ।஢
 ᯮ짮 㭪樮  F2.
          㯥ઠ     ⥪    .
㪢   設⢮  ᨬ  ਭ    "⥪",
 窨  "  - ਧ  砫  ⥪    㬮砭
⮬᪨ ᢠ  ᠬ  ⥬.  ⮡  
ਭ    , , ⮡ ।  
뫨  ⮫쪮   ᨬ  " . "   ࠧ⥫
 楫   ஡ ,   ࠦ   㭪,
 뫪   ୭ ⠡.

⮢ .

       筮  ⨯  ਬ   ⠡,
 ⥩ ⠡ ().
       ᫨    ᫥    ⥪⮢    㦨
訡,      ࠢ  (।஢),  ᯮ
  F2    -  /Edit.    ⠡
  㦭  ⪥ ⠡     F2,  
 ᨬ  " /  "   맮  -,  
५    /Edit     Enter.   ப
      ᮤন   ⪨      ⠡.   
।஢      ५    ᯮ짮,
⮡        㦭  ᨬ     ந
室  ।஢.  ᫥  ।஢  
 Enter.

. ஢   ந    ०:
⠢  .  ⮣ ᯮ  Insert  (
ࠢ ஢    ࠫ   襩 0).  
  ।  ⨨   ० (""  
"").    ० "⠢" 룫廊  ᢥ騬
אַ㣮쭨,       ०  ""   ન饩
.

         ⥪     ᨬ, 祬
ਭ ⪨, 稭   ன    ⥪. ᫨  
ᥤ  ⮫     ଠ     ,   
 ࠭ ⥪ -  .  
   ᥤ   -  ଠ樨,  
࠭ ⥪  㤥  "",     ⭮ ⮫쪮    
ࠦ     ࠭.     ⢨⥫쭮      
 祭   ந室, ⥬   
⥪   㢥祭 ਭ ⮫,   뢥
 ࠭.


騥 ⥪⮢ .

        ࠢ, ⠪  ਬ   ࠧ饭
ᨬ " - "  " _  "  ᥩ ਭ ⥪饩 ⪨  
ᥩ ⠡.    㣨 砨 ᯮ짮.
          饣 ᨬ  ᯮ  ᨬ
 " ' " ( 孥 ॣ ࢮ   ஢
).

 .

        ᪮쪮 ⨯ :
       - ᫮ ⠭;
       -  ⮪ ஭ ⠡;
       - ࠦ;
       - ⥪⮢ 祭.
       ᫮ ⠭   ⥩襩 㫮.  
 ந  ப : ࠥ 㦭 ᫮  
ᨬ "."   ⢥ ࠧ⥫   楫   ஡
        Enter.    㬮砭  ᫮
ࠢ  ࠢ . ,  ஭ ⠡
 ࠭ ᫮    ।⠢   ᪮쪮  
, 祬   .   ⮣   -
/Format,   ᬮਬ . 쭮  ࠭ 
  ⪥  ⢮ ,   ࠧ⥫,   1
, 祬  ਭ ਭ.  ࠧ ᯮ 
 ᫠ (+   -), ⥫    뢮  
࠭.
        ⮪.    ⪨  ஭  ⠡  
 뫪 (⨭᪠ 㪢   㪢,  騥
⮫,  , 騥 ப)  㣨 ⪨. 
 ᮤন ⮪,     뫪,  
⮩ ⪥,  뫪, ⠪  ᮤন.
       ࠦ.  䬥᪨   ࠦ   ।⠢
ᮡ  ᪮쪮  ᫮  ⠭    뫮     ⪨
஭  ⠡,  ꥤ  ᯥ樠묨   ᨬ
(  ਢ  浪  믮):
       (     )      -   ⢥ 浪
                      ᫥;
       ^  **     -    ⥯;
          *         - 㬭;
          /         - ;
          %         - ᫥ 業;
          +         - ᫮;
          -         - ⠭.
          ࠦ,  ᥫ,    ᫥  
 Enter  ଠ樮 ப  ᮮ饭 "
Form "   ࠭ 㫠, ࠦ  ᫮.   
ᠬ  ⪥     ࠭  㤥  ᢥ稢   १
᫥.

   ⠡.

       ਢ ਬ :
                    B34+C8    AV6*6
                    10%L5     N3*2.56



⮢ 祭

           ⥪⮢ 祭 ᯮ,  
᭮- ,   ᪨ 㭪ﬨ ⠡.   ⮬  㤥
᪠ .

              2.3. 饥 ࠢ ⠡栬.

⠭ ࠬ஢ ࠡ⪨  뢮
  ᥩ ஭ ⠡.

        㯥ઠ  - /Global, 
 ⠭ ࠬ ࠡ⪨  뢮  
 ᥩ ⠡. 筮    " 㬮砭", ..
 ⮢ ⠡,  뤠  ࠭  㧪.
    .  ࠬ  
ࠧ   ⥣ਨ:
       - ࠬ 饣 : Optimum, Keep, Graphics;
       - ४⥫ ० ᬮ ⠡: Form, " ,
         Next, Border, Tab, Prot, +/-,;
       - ࠬ, ।騥 冷 ᫥:
         Row/Column, Dep, Iter, Man/Auto.

    ࣠樨 ⠡.

        ० 뢠  /Global,   ࠬ஬
Optimum ( /GO ).
         ⮬      ᫥騥   ⥫
ࠬ:

       Memory     - : F - 蠥 ᪮  ࠡ⪨
⠡,   㬥蠥   ꥬ ᯮ짮  
 ⠡ ,
       D - 㢥稢 ꥬ  ,  㬥蠥  ᪮
᫥;
       Spreed  Boundary  -  ࠢ  ⠭   ࠧ஢
⠡:
                    S - ⠡ 63  254,  ࠧ,
                    M - ⠡ 127  2000, । ࠧ,
                    L - ⠡ 127  9999, 让 ࠧ,
                    A - 롮 ⢫ ⮬᪨.
       ।  ⮬      
५,      ࠬ஢  ந  襩
Enter ᫥  㦭 㪢
       ࠭  ࠬ    ॠ    ᫥
믮   /Global  ࠬ஬ Keep ( /GK ).

᪨ ।⢠.

        /Global Graphics  맢  ᪮쪮
-ணࠬ  롮 ࠧ ᪨ ।:

       Color  - । 梥 ⮢ ࠬ;
       Fonts  - ।   ᥩ  ;
       Layout - ⠭ ࠧ 㭪   -
                  ࠭ (⨪쭮  ਧ-
                ⠫쭮);
       Option -  ⥫ ᪨ -
                ;
       Device - 㪠뢠  ன⢠ 뢮.



 ᬮ ⠡.

            ࠬ஢-४⥫      ᬮ
  ᯮᮡ  뢮  ⠡    ࠭    饬
ன⢥  ६饭   ࠭:
       Form   - ᢥ   ࠭,   १⮢
                ᫥;
         "    - ࠢ  ⥪ (⮬᪨ -
                 窨 ।  ⥪⮬);
       Next   - ᫥  ଠ樨 襩 Enter ⠡-
                  ।  ᫥
                  ᨬ  ।饣 -
                饭;
       Border - ࠢ 뢮   ࠭ (
                ப  祭 ⮫殢);
       Tab    - ।, 室  ⠡ 
                 ⪨  室  ।;
       Prot   - ।, 㯭   ।஢
               "饭" ⪨ ⠡  ࠧ襭 
                   .

ࠢ 浪 ᫥.

        ஢ ᫥  㯥ઠ  ।ᬮ७
 ᭮ ࠬ஢:

       Auto    -   ⠡ ⮬᪨  뢠
᫥    Enter;
       Manual - 筮   ⠡ ந  ᫥
 㭪樮쭮   F7;
       Row    - ᫥ ந  ப;
       Column - ᫥ ந  ⮫栬;
       Iters  - ।  ᫮ 権, 室  
ࠧ饭 横 뫮 (.. 뫮  ᠬ ᥡ);
       Dep    - ᨬ ᫥,  믮 
  樨.

                2.4. ଠ஢ ⠡.

        /Format । ଠ 뢮   ࠭
஭ ⠡   :

       Global -   ⠡;
       Row    -  ப  ப (   -
                 ப १ ᨬ " : " ;
       Column -     ( 筮
                ப);
       Entry  -  ⤥쭮 ⪨ ⠡;
       Define - ଠ  짮⥫.

.   ⨥   ⮪   .  
⮬  砫쭮 祭   ⥬, १ ᨬ
" : " 筮 祭. ਬ: C20:C35, B2:F2, A5:D10. 
ப: 2:40.  ⮫殢: X:AB.

ᠭ ࠭ ଠ⮢.

       ᫥ 롮 ࠧ 뢮   ࠭ ⠡  
 ଠ⮢  ࠭ 뢮  ࠬ:

       Enterger    - ᫠ 뢮 楫묨,  ஡
                     ⥩;
       General     -  뢮   
                     㤮  ࠭ ਭ ⪨;
       Exponential -  뢮  ଠ ᫥ "e"
                     (   ⮢);
           $       - ᮤঠ ⪨ 뢮  
                     ᫠    ᫥ ⮩;
       Right       - ᫠   ࠢ 
                     ࠢ  ⪨;
       Left        - ᫠   ࠢ  
                      ⪨;
         TR        - ⥪ ࠢ  ࠢ 
                     ⪨;
         TL        - ⥪ ࠢ   
                     ⪨;
         TC        - 業஢ ⥪;
         *         - 뢮 ⮣ࠬ:  ᫠ 㤥
                     ⠢ ⮫쪮  ᨬ " * ";
       Iser-define - 뢠   8 ଠ⮢
                     짮⥫;
       Hidden      -  뢮  ࠭ 㪠 
                     ⮪;
       Default     - ॢ ⠡  室 ଠ,
                     ਭ  㬮砭;
       Width       -  ਭ ⠡.

 ଠ⮢ 짮⥫.

       㯥ઠ   ।⠢   짮⥫   
ᮧ  8 ଠ⮢   쭥襬 뢠    ࠬ
( 1  8).  ⮣  믮  -  /Format
  ࠬ஬  Define  ( /FD ).  ࠭   ⠡,
ਬ塞       㬮砭.       ᬮ    ⠡
४  稭  롮  ଠ      1,  ..
ந ४஢  । ⠡    ࢮ
⨪쭮 ⮫.   ⮫ 㪠 ⨯ ଠ,
 ࠢ    ⮫ ਭ    㬮砭  ࠬ  
祭ﬨ: Yes ()  No ():

       Floating $      - । ன 뢮 
                         ;
       Embedded Commas - 뢮  । 
                         쥩 ன  楫  ᫠;
       Minus in ()     - ⠢  ""  ᪮;
       Zero as blank   -  "㫥" ⠢ "஡";
           %           - ᮤন ⮪ 㬭  100
 १ 뢮  ਧ " % " ;
       Decimal Places   -   祭  ( 0    7)
㪠뢠 ⢮  ࠧ冷 ᫥  ⮩  뢮  
࠭ ( 㬮砭 ਭ 2);
       Scaling Factor    -    ᫮  (  0    7)
뢠  ⥯  10,     ஥    ᫮   (
㬮砭 0,  10  ⥯ 0 ࠢ ).


                 2.5. 樨  ⠡栬.

 ᥠ ࠡ.

                    /Quit   - 㦥 ᬠਢ .


।஢.

                    /Edit   - 㦥 ᬠਢ .

뢥  ࠭  ⠡
( ஭ ⠡).

       /Zap
        ப ᪠ 뢮 ࠬ:
               No       -   ⥪饩 ⠡;
               Yes       -  ࠭  뢥   
 ஭ ⠡;
               Contents -  ࠭, ࠭  ⠡
ଠ⮢ 짮⥫  (User  define)    뢥    ࠭
 ⠡.


.

                    /Blank
         ப  ᪠   뤠       ࠧ
:
               Enter range.
 "", ..  ᨬ "஡"  ,
ப,  ⮫     .        "⪨"   
ଠ樮 ப  뤠 ᮮ饭  "Blanking...",  
⥬  "Calculating...".  ..  ᫥  "⪨"  ந室
 ஭  ⠡, ᫨     /G   
० 筮  Manual.

஢.

                    /Copy
             筨  ஢  "  From  ?
(㤠). Enter  range  or *  graph-number.".    㪠
 ⪨, ப, ⮫  ,  ᫥ ᨬ
" * "   ⠢ ࠭  䨪 ( 1   9).  
祭  砫쭮  ⪨  ஢    
⠡   㦭 ⪥    Enter. 
㪠   ᫥   ᨬ "  : "  ⠡
  ।   ⠡ 蠬   ५
 祭 筮 ࠭ ,  ⮬  ⬥祭
 㤥 ᭮ ᢥ祭  ࠭.
       ⥬ 믮  " To (㤠). Enter  range.".
  ⠡   砫쭮  ⪥-ਥ
ଠ樨. ᫨     ⥫  ࠬ஢,  
  Enter.
         ஢         ⥫
ࠬ஢  祣 㦭 ᫥  ⪨-ਥ  
 Enter,     ᨬ "  , ".   ࠭  ᫥
⮣   ⥫ ࠬ஢ ( Option ):

       No-adjusting  -      䨪    
뫮  裡   ᯮ ப  ⮫殢;
       Ask          -   䨪 ந  
 㥬 ⪥;
       Values        -   ⮫쪮 ᫮  祭
(   뫮);
       +              |   ஢  
       -              |  ⪮  ந 
       *              |   ᫥ 䬥᪨
       /              |  ⢨.
         ஢  ப ଠ樨 뢮
᫥騥 ᮮ饭:
       Copying...
       Adjusting...(᫨  ⬥ 䨪 )
       Calculating...

⠢.

          /Insert    ப,  ⮫
 楫      㦥    ⠡.  祬,  ᫨
室 ⮬᪨  ந室  䨪    
뫮    ᤢ    ⠡.      
ந  ⮫쪮    (Left)      (Down).   
믮   ࠭   ப ᪠  
:
                    Inserting...
   ⠢塞  ப (⮫殢),    ⥬  
㣠 :
                    Adjusting...
        ,  ᫥   祣,   ᫨   祭   ०
⮬᪮ ,
                    Calculating...

.

        /Delete  㤠  ப,  ⮫    
⠡.   ⮬᪨   室  ந室
䨪 뫮  .    ⮫쪮 
(Up)  ࠢ  (Rigth).  믮     ࠭
᫥⥫쭮  ᮮ饭:
                    Deleting...
                    Adjusting...
                    Calculating...

६.

         /Move 筠  "஢"  
⮩ ࠧ楩,  室  ⠡ 㤥 ७ᥭ 
 㪠 , ⠪   䨪樥 
 뫮  뤠祩  ࠭ ᮮ饭:
                    Moving...
                    Adjusting...
                    Calculating...

.

        /Protect   ।頥  ᠭ樮஢
   ⠡ (⪥,  ப, ⮫,  ).  ᫥
믮 ⮩     ⪥     饭
 ⠡ -. , 㤠  ..  ࠭ 
ࠢ    뤠  ᮮ饭   ⮬,   
⪠ 饭 (Protected Entry).
       ⬥   ᪮쪨 ﬨ:

        -   ⠡ ( /Quit Yes )  ⮬ 
⮬᪨ ᭨;
        -    ᥩ  ⠡     /Global
Protect;
        - ᯮ짮  /Unprotect.



 .

         /Unprotect  ᭨    㪠
 ⮪.      믮    ⪮  
ଠ樨.

               2.6.   㧪 ⠡

         ࠭묨  ﬨ    ⠡栬
 㧪  ࠭  ᪥ ᮧ ⠡ 
 ࠣ⮢.

  .

         /Save  ࠭  ⠡   ᪥  
᪥. ᫥  롮  ⮩      ப  ᪠
      䠩  (Enter file  name).
 䠩 㪧뢠  ⨭᪨ 㪢   ᨬ.  ᫨
 ⠡ 室    ४ਨ 㯥ઠ  /
       ᪥,   ।   䠩
 㪠 祭 ᪠ ("a"  "b"), १ ᨬ
" :\ "   ४ਨ,   ⥬  -   䠩. ᫨  
室 筨     䠩, ᮧ  ࠭  
⥬ 㯥ઠ  ࠧ饭   ⥪饩 ४ਨ,  -
  㭪樮    F3.    ࠭   
祭    ᮧ      ४ਨ   䠩
㯥ઠ. 蠬  ५   㦭  
  䠩.   ᯮ짮   襩   F2   (   ०
।஢)  맢 祭 䠩 㯥ઠ  
᪥, 㪠  뤠  ࠭ "אַ㣮쭨" 㪢
᪮ , १ ᨬ " :  " ४   ⠡栬.
ਬ  "a:\calc"      Enter  ᫥ 祣  
࠭ 㤥 ᢥ祭 祭 㦭 䠩  ᪥.
       ᫨  뢠 ⠡   ࠧ  ,  
  ଠ樮   ப   뤠   祭   
ਠ⮢ :

       All     -  ᥩ ⠡  ;
       Values    -    ⮫쪮  祭,  祭  
१  ᫥   (       뫮),   ⥪
 ;
       Part      - 뢠       ⠡,  
砥  롮  ⮣   ०,    ଠ樮   ப
      ࠭祭  뢠   ࠣ
⠡ ( Range ).
        稨  ᪥ ⠡   ⠪  ,  
㪠    /Save,   ଠ樮 ப  
ᮮ饭  ᫥  蠣:
          Change    -   䠩 (⠡)   ࠧ
믮  /Save;
          BackUp    - 䠩, ࠭饬  ᪥, ᢮
  ,   ७  .BAK ( ࠭  ᪥);
          Overwrite - 䠩,  ࠭騩   ᪥   ,
㪠        /Save,   㤥       
뢠, ..    ⥪ ⠡.  짮  ⨬
ࠬ஬   ࠩ  ஦,  ..  室  ⠡
 㤥 ⠭.
       ᫥  ⮣      ଠ樮   ப   
㪠  ࠬ஢  :
       All
       Values
       Part
㧪 ⠡  ᪠  .

       ।  㧪   ⠡   ४   
,  ᯮ       /Zap,   ..     㧪
ᯮ ⮫쪮  ⪨ (..  ࠭ 
"").
       ᫨  ᮧ⥫쭮  ᫨ ᪮쪮 ⠡, 
 /Zap 짮  .    ᬮਬ  
.
       ᫥ 맮   /Load   ଠ樮  ப
      䠩 (筮    /Save).
  ᯮ짮  㭪樮쭮 襩 F3  
ᬮ 饣 ᯨ᪠-   䠩.   
  ५   㦭 . ᫥  
 Enter  砥 ⢨ 䠩   ⠪ ,  
࠭   ࠢ   㣫 뤠  ᮮ饭: File  not
specified drive or directory.
       ᫨ 䠩   ᪥,   ࠭   
 ࠬ஢  㧪 ⠡  ᪠:

       All                 - 㧨  ⠡;
       Part                -  㧨  ⠡,  㪠-
 ࠧ ࠣ ⠡ (Range), 㤠 (From)   㤠
(To);
       Consolidate            -   㧪  ࠨ᪨
㬬  ⪨ ⠡  ࠭   뢠
  ᪠.  ⨬  ࠬ஬    짮     
  ⠡;
       or * for  graph only -  ⮫쪮  䨪,  㪠
᫥ ᨬ  ( 1  9) ࠬ.

 訡.

       Command aborted  die  to  disk  error  -    
믮 -  訡  ᪠.      뤠  
ࠢ쭮 㪠 ଠ  ᪥  (a  b),  
 ⢨ ᪥  ଠ.
       File not loadable - 䠩  㦠, ..   
䠩, ᮧ ⮬ 㯥ઠ.
       File not specified drive or directory - 䠩   ⠪
   .  ஢    䠩,  ࠢ쭮
㪠 ४ਨ  ᪠.

⮦ ⠡  ᪥.

        ந   /Delete. ᫥  맮
⮩   ࠭ 뤠     䠩 (Enter
File  name).            /Save    /Load   
ᯮ짮 㭪樮쭮 襩 F3.
         /Delete      ﭨ     
⥪ ⠡  ( ࠭)    㤥 ᯮ祭.    
䠩, ᫨    ७ ⫨筮    .Cal,  室
㪠 ७  䠩.

                2.7. 뢮 ⠡  .

       筮 ॡ "⢥ठ  " ᮧ  ⠡.
뢮  ⠡        ⢫   -
/Output.   뤠 ⠡    뢠
  䠩    (ᮧ  䠩 ⨯  ASCII   ७
.PRN).

       ᫥   롮   ०   Printer,      ࠭    
ଠ樮  ப  뤠  祭  ࠬ஢   
ଫ ⠡:

       Range        -    ⮪  뤠  
;
       Go              - ।⢥  뢮   ,
।⥫쭮 뤠  ᮮ饭 "Insert  paper and  press
any key..." (⠢  㬠    ;
       Console          -      ।⥫쭮
ᬮ ⠡  ࠭;
       Line        - 㢥稢 稪 ப  室
                      । ⭮ ப;
       Page        - ନ ॢ ⮢, ନ
                     ;
       Option      -  ⥫ ࠬ 
                     ଫ ⮢:
          Quit     - 室   ०;
          Report   -  ० 뢮 - ⠡楩 
                     ᮤন ⮪, ࠬ Formted
                     ନ   ࠭;
          Layout   - ⮨  ࠬ஢:

                    Lenght  -  ࠭ (
                          뢭 ;  66 ப);
                    Widht   - ਭ ࠭  255
                          ᨬ);
                    Left    -  ᫥, 室  ਭ;
                    Top     -  ᭨ (室  );
                    Bottom  -   (室 
                           ).
          Paper    - ⮨  ࠬ஢:

                    Wait     -    㬠:
                                 Yes    -  ,    ⮬
뤠 ᮮ饭,   ⠢   㬠   
 ;
                               No  -  .
                    Auto-page- ⮬᪠  㬠:
                               Yes  - ⮬᪨ 
                                      㬠;
                               No  - ⮬᪨.
                    Double   - 㦭  㡫஢;
                    Title        -        
뤠  ப,   ⬥祭      ࠭      
- /Title;
                    Copies   -    , 㪠
                               ⢮;
                    Borders  - ࠢ 뤠祩   
                               ⠡ ஢ ப 
                               祭 ⮫殢:
                                  Yes  - ;
                                  No   -  뤠;
                               Auto - ⮬᪨
                                      뤠;
                    Headers  -    ࠭  뤠
  4-  ப;
                    Foots    -   ࠭ 뤠 
4- ᫥ ப;
                    Setup     -  ⠭  ࠬ஢
  ⥪饣 ᥠ. ⮡ ᯮ짮  ⠭
 쭥襬,  믮 - /Global, Keep.


                  2.8.  㭪樨.

        㯥ઠ   ஥ 㭪権,  
 ࠡ  ⠡楩  ஢ ⮢.
       ᥣ    㯥ઠ  뤥  5  㯯   㭪権:
䬥᪨,  ᪨,   ,  ᯥ樠   
䨭ᮢ,  ⠪ 㭪樨  ࠡ⪥ ᪨  
.
        祭  ""   ᯮ짮  
㭪権    ० "।஢",  
 - ⪥   ଠ樥      F2,  
⥬    F1.    (PgUP     PgDn) ࠭  
㢨 祭 㭪権 㯥ઠ.

䬥᪨.

       ᥣ 23 㭪樨, ࠧ :
       - ਣ᪨ (sin, tan, cos, asin, atan,
         atan2(x,y), acos).

       - ᪨ (COUNT  -  ⢠
                              ⮢  ᯨ᪥,
                      SUM    - 㬬஢ ⮢
                              ᯨ᪠,
                      MAX    - 롮 襣 祭,
                      MIN    - 롮 襣 祭,
                      AVERAGE-  । 祭,
                              ࠢ筮 ࠦ:
                                  sum(range) / count(range)
                      STD    - ;

       - ⥬᪨(ABS   - ᮫⭮ 祭 ᫠,
                      INT   - 楫  ᫠,
                      ROUND - 㣫  ⮬ ⢮
஡   ⠭   ࠬ,
                       SQRT  - 祭 ⭮ ,
                       LOG   -   ᭮ 10,
                       LN    - ࠫ .

᪨.

       O祭    㭪樨    믮   ࠧ
ࠢ      믮   ᮮ⢥   ⢨    
஭ ⠡:
        - "᫨"  : IF ( ᫮, ⢨ 1, ⢨ 2 )
          ⢨ 1 믮   믮 ᫮,  
⢨ 2  - ᫨  ᫮   믮,   ⢨
2- ⢨  権   ந,   
᫮  ᫥騬 :
                    >  - ,
                    <  - ,
                    =  - ࠢ,
                    >= -   ࠢ,
                    <= -   ࠢ,
                    >< -  ࠢ.
        - "  "  : AND ( ᫮ 1, ᫮ 2 )
          ⢨ 믮   ६  믮
 ᫮;
        - ""  : OR  ( ᫮ 1,  ᫮ 2 )  믮
  ᫮;
        - ""  : NOT ( ᫮ 1 ) 믮 ᫮ 1.

          ᫥ ᪨  㭪権   
"묨", ਬ:

       if(C1-G9<=730,0.137,if(C1-G9>1825,1.5,0.5,0))
       if(and(B2=1500,C2=1200),C3,0)
       if(or(B2<100,C<500),B2,C2)
       if(not(D10+D12=1300),1,0)

.

.  㭪樨 뢠 ⨭᪨ 㪢

       TODAY    -      樮  ⥬  
:
                 ""/""/""  (ਪ᪨ ଠ)
              :
       DATE    - ""/""/"" (ਪ᪨ ଠ)
       EDAT    - ""/""/"" (ய᪨ ଠ)

       ஬  ⮣     ଠ   짮⥫   
।⠢  ࠭  ( ⠬):
         -  D    -    2    ,   
   । ""  "஡"  ⠢;
                DD   -   ,  । 㤥  ⠢
"", ᫨    ;
               BD   -  , । ⠢  "஡",
᫨      ;
        - M   - 筮 "D"  ;
               MM  - 筮 "DD"  ;
               BM  - 筮 "DD"  ;
               MMM -  3 㪢 ()  ;
               MMMM-  ()  ;
               R   - ਬ᪮ 祭 ;
          - Y   - 筮 "D"  ;
               YY  - 筮 "DD"  ;
               YYYY-   .

        묨 㭪ﬨ  ࠡ, .. ᫨  
⪥ A1    ᠫ 㭪   Today,    ⪥   A2
   A1+5.  ᫨   ⪥  A3  㭪
DAT(2,15,49), .. 15 䥢ࠫ 1949  ,    ⪥  A3
   A1-A3.

樠 㭪樨.

         㭪   ᯮ        ᫮
⮢. ᥣ 3 㯯  㭪権:
         -  ࠢ  (LOOKUP,  HLOOKUP,  VLOOKUP,  INDEX,
CHOOSE, BEGCOL,  BEGROW, ENDCOL,  ENDROW, THISCOL,  THISROW,
LASTCOL, LASTROW, CURCOL, CURROW, ROWS, ITERS),
        - ஢騥 (ISNUM, ISDATE, ISTEXT, ISNA, ISBLANK,

          ᫥ ᪨  㭪権   
"묨", ਬ:

       if(C1-G9<=730,0.137,if(C1-G9>1825,1.5,0.5,0))
       if(AND(B2=1500,C2=1200),C3,0)
       if(or(B2<100,C>500)B2,C2)
       if(not(D10+D12=1300),1,0)


.

:  㭪樨 뢠 ⨭᪨ 㪢.

       TODAY  -    樮 ⥬  :
          ""/ ""/"" (ਪ᪨ ଠ)

         :
       DATE   - "" / "" / ""(ਪ᪨
                 ଠ)
       EDAT   - ""/""/"" (ய᪨ ଠ)

       ஬  ⮣     ଠ   짮⥫   
।⠢  ࠭  ( ⠬):
         -  D    -    2    ,   
   । ""  "஡"  ⠢;
                DD   -   ,  । 㤥  ⠢
"", ᫨    ;
               BD   -  , । ⠢  "஡",
᫨     ;
        - M   - 筮 "D"  ;
               MM  - 筮 "DD"  ;
               BM  - 筮 "DD"  ;
               MMM -  3 㪢 ()  ;
               MMMM-  ()  ;
               R   - ਬ᪮ 祭 ;
          - Y   - 筮 "D"  ;
               YY  - 筮 "DD"  ;
               YYYY-   .

        묨 㭪ﬨ  ࠡ, .. ᫨  
⪥ A1   ᠫ  㭪  Today  ,    ⪥  A2
   A1+5.  ᫨   ⪥  A3   㭪
 DAT(2,15,49), .. 15 䥢ࠫ 1949  ,   ⪥  A3
   A1-A3.

樠 㭪樨.

         㭪樨   ᯮ        ᫮
⮢. ᥣ 3 㯯  㭪権:
         -  ࠢ  (LOOKUP,  HLOOKUP,  VLOOKUP,  INDEX,
CHOOSE, BEGCOL,  BEGROW, ENDCOL,  ENDROW, THISCOL,  THISROW,
LASTCOL, LASTROW, CURCOL, CURROW, ROWS, ITERS),
        - ஢騥 (ISNUM, ISDATE, ISTEXT, ISNA, ISBLANK,
ISSTR, ISVAL6 ISERROR),
        - ⣨᪨  (NA, ERROR, TRUE, EALSE).





ᮢ 㭪樨.

         㭪樨        㯯஢     5
ࠢ:
        - 易   横 (UNRATE, ANTERM, PMT,
PV),
         -  ਮᨥ     (BALACE,  KINT,   KPRIN,
PAIDINT),
        - ࠧ  (CTERM, COMPBAL, RATE),
        - 樨 ਮ᪨ (FV, IRR, NPN, TERM),
        -                           (DDB, SYD).


       3.   㯥ઠ.

                   3.1. ᬮ ⠡.

           -    ।⠢    ⥫
 뢮 ஭ ⠡  ࠭.

 .

         /Window    ࠧ  ࠭     2
⤥ :   ਧ⠫  (孥   )   
⨪ (  ࠢ).
       ࠭   ।      .    
ਧ⠫쭮  ⥪ ப ⠭ ࢮ ப
  ,      ⨪쭮    ⥪騩  ⮫
⭮  ⮫殬 ࠢ .    ࠭
       ᯮ       1  ப   (
ਧ⠫쭮 )   ⮫ A  ⨪쭮  .
 ⮬ 뢮 ᮮ饭  ࠭ : No room (et age)  to
display window (  ( )  뢮 ).

.     /Save   ࠭     ᪥   ⠡,
ࠧ  .  /Output 뤠   ⮫
 ⠡,  ன  室 . ।  
 ந ⨥   ";".

          2    ।⠢  쬠  㤮.
-,  ६ ᬠਢ ࠧ  
⠡, -,  /Global    /Format  (
祭    ଠ஢)      믮   
⠡  ᨬ.
        ᫥  뢮   ࠭   /Window,    ப
᪠  ᮮ饭:
       H(oriz)   -  ਧ⠫;
       V(ert)    -  ⨪;
       C(lear)   - , ..  ࠧ  ;
       S(ynch)    -  ᨭ஭      ࠡ  
,    ࠬ    ᫥        
⥫ ࠬ;
       U(synch)  -   ᨭ஭      ࠭
(ਭ  㬮砭).




 ࠣ⮢ ஭ ⠡  ࠭.

        ந  -  /Title.  ஢
  ப  (Horiz), ⠪   ⮫  (Vert),   ⠪
६  ப   ⮫   (Both)  孥  
ࠢ    ஭   ⠡.  㥬   
।     ஭ ⠡.  
६ 䨪樨 ப  ⮫殢 䨪  稭
 ⪨,   室 ,   ࠭   
襫騥 ப  ᫥ 室騥 ⮫.
       - /Save    ஭  ⠡  
䨪஢묨  ࠣ⠬  ⠡.    /Output   
뢮   䨪஢ ࠣ ⠡.
            砥   ᬮ   
⠡,  ਬ,  ९  ᢥ      ᫥  -
.
           ६頥     䨪஢   
 ࠧ,    ६饭  ⨨ 
"="  ⥬  ⪨  室.
       ⮡  ""   ९      ஭
⠡   ᯮ짮   /Title,Clear  (᫥
믮 ⮩   ࠭ 뢮 ᮮ饭  "Title
cleared" ( 饭).

                  3.2.   ஢.

.

        ⮤  ਬ   ᪠ ன  㯯
⮪, 뢠 ⠡楩  ᯮ   -
 ஭ ⠡.   㭪権,  ।祭
 ⮣  LOOKUP ( LU). ଠ:

     Lookup(  <    祩  >,<  
᪠>)

          㪠⥫   ᯮ   
⮫    孥  ப,     ᯮ  
浪
⠭. ࠢ   ᯮ  ᮮ⢥騥
祭.
              -  ࠧ來  ᫮,
뫪    ࠦ. ,  ᠭ  㭪
LU, 㤥  뢮  祭, 祭    ᪥  
.
       㭪 LU ᯮ 祭 㪠⥫, 室饣 
⢥ ࢮ 㬥,  ᪠ ᮮ⢥饣  
祭    ⮪,  㪠   㬥⮬.
  ⠪  ᮮ⢥⢨  ,    ⪥,  ᮤঠ饩
㭪 LU,  뢮  ᮤন  ᮮ⢥饩  ⪨.
᫨ ᮮ⢥⢨    ,   뢮      2-
ﭨ:

        - NA   ᫨  祭 㪠⥫   ࢮ  㬥
 쭮, 㪠  ⠡;
        -  祭 ᫥  (ᨬ쭮) 㪠⥫  
砥, ᫨ 㪠⥫  ᨬ쭮  ⠡.

       㭪  LU      ⢮     㫠   
⠭ -  祭   ᨬ    ᫮
(ਬ, ᫥   ᨬ  室).
.
      A         B           C           D
 1    1   ᯥ
 2    2   .ᯥ
 3    3   .ᯥ.
 4
 5
 6-----------------------------------------------
 7     ,.,.   
 8-----------------------------------------------
 9      ..     Lookup(3,A1:A3)   ᫨ ०  ᢥ

    .
    .
    .
          ..       .ᯥ.         ᫨   
ᢥ稢

஢.

         室 㯮冷 ᮤন
⠡  ᮮ⢥⢨  묨 祭ﬨ (箬).  
⮣ 㦨  - /Arrange,    㯮冷稢
஭  ⠡    ᯮ짮  祢   祭
। ப    ⮫. (  ᨬ    ⨯
஢). ஬  ⮣   㪠  ᫥⥫쭮
஢ (뢠    )    室  
४஢   뫮  ⠡  ஢.
       砫    㯯   ⨯ ⮪,  
⥬   㪠  浪:
                     - ⥪⮢,
                     -  ⠬
                     - ⪨  ⮫栬 (ERROR)
                     - ⪨ "।" (N/O)
                     - ᫮ 祭;
                     -  ⪨.
         ࠡ⪥  ⥪    ⥪⮢  祭  ⠪
ᮡ      ᫥   ᫥⥫쭮:   ஡,
ᯥ樠 ᨬ   ASCII, 㪢 ⨭᪮ 䠢
(᭠砫 ,  ⥬ ).
        ஢    ⮫栬     ஠.  
஢  ᮫栬   冷 ப  ஭
⠡    ⮫  (⮫),  ᯮ㥬     ⢥
祢,  ..  ப  ᯮ    饬  
뢠饬 浪.
       ᫥⥫쭮 ⢨ 㤥 ᫥:
        -   /Arrage;
        -  ப (Row)   (Column);
        -  㪠  ᫥    (᫨  㥬  
⮫栬)    祢   (᫨  ⠡  
⮨  ⮩ ,     " , ");
        -   " , ";
        - 㪠 ࠧ (Entar range) 㥬 ᨢ;
        - 㪠  ந (Ajust)     䨪
뫮   (No-Ajust);
           -    㪠    ᫥⥫쭮    ஢:
 (Ascending)  뢠 (Descending).
              ᫥    ⢨        ࠭
᫥⥫쭮 뤠   ப ᪠.
       ᫨    ᫥      ᫥   ⢨
   " , "  ,   㤥 뢥 ᪠  
  ࠬ  ஢   (Enter  secondary   sort
column).
        ஢    ப      ,  
      ⠬.  ⮬   ४,
-,  ⠡ । ஢, -, 
ᯮ㥬      ⮫      (ப)      ᣥ஢
᫥⥫  ᫠.  ᫥  ஢  ஢   
冷  㤥   ᮢ      祭      १
஢.  ,   ᫨     ஢  뫠   ந
訡筮,     ⠡          ࢮ砫쭮
ﭨ,    祣     㪠    ⢥   ⠡
஢  室   冷     ᯮ㥬   ⮫
(ப)  ᣥ஢묨 ᫥⥫묨 ᫠.

           3.3. ᪨  㯥ઠ

ࠬ, 䨪   .

       㯥ઠ ন 7  ⨯ ࠬ   䨪,
   ᮤন ᫥騥 :

       - ᭮  (main heading),  ᯮ騩
।, 뢮 㯭 ⮬;

       -  (sub heading) - ,  ᯮ
   ,     ,  祬  ᭮
;

       -   X - ᯮ  ⪠  X;

       -   Y - ᯮ ᫥   Y;

       - ⪨   X (time labels)  - ᫠   ⥪  
誠஢    X, ⪨ ६,  ਢ   ࠢ
孥 㣫;

       -  ᪮   祭   ६   (variable
labels) -   客,    梥  ६,
뢮  ࠢ 孥 㣫;

       - ⪨-㪠⥫ (point labels)  - ᫠   ⥪,
㪠뢠騩 祭  뭥ᥭ   ࠬ    䨪
६;

       - ⪨ ન஢ ᥩ (tick labels).

।  ᠭ ࠬ  䨪.

         ஭  ⠡    ᮤঠ    9
। ࠧ ࠬ.
        砥,   ⠡ 㦥 뫠  ᮧ ࠭,  
室  㧨      ,      ᮧ   
஭ ⠡.
       ᫥ 맮 - /View  ࠭  ᢥ
᪠  ࠬࠬ, 騬 ᫥騥 祭:

       Show      - 뢮  ࠭ ࠬ.

       Data      - । 㯯 ⮪,  
                  ࠭ ६, 室 
                  ⠢ ࠬ.
                   ࠧ   ६  
ᬥ ⮫  ⠡.  ᥣ    ।    10
६,   㪢 ()    A   J.
᫥    ६ A, ⮡  ३   
।  ६,      "  ,  ".  ᫨  
࠭  ६,    "Enter".
  ६   ࠭   ᪠: "Var  A:
Enter gange or press "space" to skip", 

       "६.  :          
"஡", ⮡ ३  ᫥饩.   " - "  ࠥ
祭 ६.

       Graph-Type-   ⨯ ࠬ:
                    Pie     - 㣮 ࠬ;
                    Bar     - ⮫ (⮣ࠬ)
                              ࠬ;
                    Stacked Bar - ᮢ饭 ⮫
                               ࠬ;
                    Line    -  ࠬ;
                    X-Y     - ࠬ ࠧ 祭;
                    Hi-lo       -  ࢠ쭠   ࠬ,
ࠦ ᮮ⭮襭  ᢮⢥騬 ६.

       Time-labs -  ⪨  ६,  ᯥ  
⮪    ⮪  X,    ।  ⪨
 ᨬ ", ",   砭  - Enter.

       Var-labs    -  ⪨  ६,  ᢠ  
(⪨) ᪨ ६.  室  ।
⪥  ᨬ ", ",  砭   Enter.
       Point-labs- ᢠ ⪨ 窠, 뢥 
                   ࠬ.

       Heading   - :
                    Main - ;
                    Sub  - ;
                    X    -   X;
                    Y    -   Y.

       Option    -   ⥫
                   ࠬ:
          Format   - 롮 ଠ  ⮪:
               Axis     - ᥩ X  Y;
               Time     - ६;
               Variable -  ६;
               Point    - ⮪ ६;
               %        - 롮:
                              Width   - ਭ;
                              Default - ਭ 
                                        㬮砭.

          Explosion- ⤥ ᥣ⮢  㣮
                     ࠬ:
               All    - ;
               None   - ;
               Segment- 㪠  ᥣ  1  8.

          Pie-mode - ᮮ⢥⢨ 祪  䨪
                     ६;
               One -  (㪠 );
               All - .

          Scaling  - 롮 ⠡  ᥩ:
               X-axis -  X;
               Y-axis -  Y.

          ?        - 뢮  ࠭ " ﭨ", ..
 ⮢  䨪 ६.

          #        - 㪠뢠  ࠬ ( 1   9),
祬, ᠬ ᨬ " # "  .

 ᪮ 뢮.

           ᪮     뢮     ந
- /Global,Graphics Menu:

       Color  - 뢠   뤠 梥 䨪 (
饥  ६     뤠   ⮫쪮   ୮-
ࠦ);

       Fonts   - 뢠  ⮢;

       Layout  - ⠭ ࠧ   (Rotation)
䨪  㬠:
                 V  - ⨪쭮,
                 H  - ਧ⠫쭮;

       Option  -  ࠬ 饣 ன⢠ 
 ⥫ ᪨ ;

       Device -  饣 ன⢠.

                  3.4. ࠢ 묨

楯 ࠢ 묨.

       樨    묨        ।
࣠樨.  ᯥ稢  롮  祭  ଠ樨
 ᫥饣   ਭ 襭.
          ᭮  ।    ࠡ  
묨:
          - , .. 訩 ⨦  ,  
㯥ઠ -  ப;
          - ,  ..  ᮢ㯭 易  ,  
㯥ઠ  -  ⪠;
          - 䠩,  ..  ᮢ㯭 易  ᥩ,  
㯥ઠ -  ஭ ⠡.
        ।  ⠡  (䠩)    
த.      㬥襭  ६  롮ન
䠩   㯮冷       -   ਧ    (
஢). ஢  頥 樨   묨,  ..
 ⮬ ᮪頥  ᪠  ,  㦥  ⬥砫,
६ ⢥  .
        ࠡ  묨 㦨 - //Data  (
ᨬ " // ").

।  .

        ࣠樨     㯥ઠ  室
 ஭ ⠡  ᫥騥 :
           - ,  ஬ 㤥 ந 
                (Input);
           -  뢮, 㤠 ७ ⮡࠭ 
                (Output);
           -    ਥ, ..  ਧ,    
ந 롮  (Criterion).

                     ஭
⠡, ⠪     .     㪠  ᫥  
- //Data,Input  १ ᨬ " : " 
  ࠢ   ⠡  ᪠.   
 稭  1 ப , 祬 ॠ쭠  ଠ
 ᪠.
          뢮,      ࠢ,   ᯮ   
஭ ⠡楩,  ன ந ,   
⠪  ଠ.     ᫥   -
//Data, Output   न  뢮,     
 ,  뢮  稭  1 ப ,
祬 ॠ쭮 ᯮ ⮡࠭ ଠ樨.
        ਥ       ,  祬    2-
ப.   筮 ।騬  ᫥ 
-  //Data,Criterion.     ன  ப   
ਥ       .   ⮬  
뢠,   ⢥    㪠 筮
 롮筮 ᮮ⢥⢨  室  ᪠  .
ਬ, ᮮ⢥⢨  孥     ॣ஢.  
롮筮 ᮮ⢥⢨ ᯮ  ᨬ:

          * -  砥,     ᨬ,  ᯮ
᫥  ;

          ? -  砥,         
 ᨬ.

       ।⢥   롮         
⢫    ࠬ஢:

       - Find     - 室  㪠  ப  
⠡ (室  ),    室    㣮  ப,
⮡࠭      ᮮ⢥饬   ,    室
짮 蠬  ५: ᫥  <- 
-> ᫥ ப I  I;

       -  Extract  -   ७  ࠭     㪠
 ப   室    室 ,  
 ७ ஢ 祭;

       -   Select         -   ⠭      ப,
ᮮ⢥饩 㪠-     , ᫨  室,
७    室  .    ⮣  뤠  :
 (Select)   (Yes)    (No).  ᫨   ⢥
"" (Ues)  ࠭  ७  室  .
   ப   ࠭      ଠ樥
, ᯮ   ५ (.  Find).

              3.5.  䠩 㯥ઠ.

砭  䠩.

       ।   㯥ઠ      ࠡ
   祭    .       ࠭
᫥⥫쭮 ⢨ ᫥:
          -  ஭ ⠡;
          - 㧨 ⠡  ᪠;
          - 믮  ⢨  ⠡楩;
          -  ஭ ⠡;
          - 뤠  .
       믮   㪠   ⢨   ,   ᯮ
 䠩  ᫥묨 . 祬,  祭
    㢥稢,  ਬ,  㦠   ᪮쪮
஭ ⠡   ०  Consolidate, ⥬  㧨
  -  ⠡,  ६    ஭
⠡   ஭ ⠡  ᪥  ..


  䠩.

        ᮧ  䠩 ᯮ -
//Data,Macro.
         䠩 뢠    뢠 
᪠ -  //Data   ࠬࠬ Read  ()  
Write  ().      ⥪⮢  䠩  믮  
⥪⮢    ⮫ A,   ⮬ ਭ ⮣  ⮫
  ॢ ᠬ    ப.  
 ந    ⮬   ,        
࠭,  㪠뢠 ⮫쪮  () 㪢 -
  ࠬ஢, 祬,  稭     ᨬ "  ,
..  ᫥   ᨬ "  / " 筥  믮
ᮮ⢥饩 .
       ᫥      䠩 뢠  
  ,  ஥ 㤥  訢   -
//Data,Read  ७   .XQT.  ४஢  
䠩     ᪠  ,    
ᠫ.  ,     䠩 ᮧ  
⫮ 믮 ᫥⥫쭮 ,  㪠
  䠩.





       ਬ  䠩:

⪠                             ᭥
   A1     "/ZY           ⥪  ஭
⠡
   A2     "/LPALD,A    㦠  (All) ⠡   
PALD
   A3     "/OPG       뤠  ਭ () ⠡
   A4     "/QY        室   㯥ઠ

       믮          䠩      ந
-   //Data,eXecute.   室   㪠   
 䠩,  ⮬  ᯮ짮 ⠪,  
   㧪, 㭪樮쭮  襩 F3,   ⠪  㤠
뢠  䠩  ஭ ⠡

 3.6.  䠩  㯥ઠ  㣨 ⥬.

               ࠡ        室
ᯮ짮 ஭ ⠡, ᮧ  㯥ઠ,  
㣨 ⥬,  ⠪  ,  ᮧ 
㣨 ⥬ (ਬ, Lotus1-2-3, dBase-  ..).
               䠩    㦠    ᮮ⢥⢨
- //Data,Export    //Data,Import.
         ᯮ짮  ०  Export     
஭ ⠡  ७: .SDI , .CSV , .WK1 ,  .WKS
, .DIF ,.VC.   ᯮ㥬 ଠ ⥪⮢  䠩
.CSV, ᮤঠ騩 , ࠧ ⮩, ASCII 䠩,  
஬     ।⠢ ᮡ  ,    
ப -  ப  ⠡. ⨬ ଠ⮬  
 ஭묨  ⠡栬   ࠧ묨  ⥬.
 .SDI  ⠪ 䠩 ASCII    ࠧ
⠡      ࠧ   .      ⠡    
ᯮ   砫    䠩  .SDI,    ᮤন
ᯥ䨪   ଠ⮢.      ⠡      
 "":
                    Table
                    0,1
                    " "
        ⠫        ᯮ짮  
। ଠ⮢ ஭ ⠡   ८ࠧ
䠩 .SDI  䠩 .CAL.
        ᯮ짮  ० Import  ਬ ⠪  
ࠢ,  㪠 .




                                


 I.  饥 ᠭ ⥬........................

       1.  ................................

          1.1.  ⨥  ஭ ⠡.........
          1.2.  㬥਩ 㯥ઠ...............

       2.  ᭮  㯥ઠ.........

          2.1.  ࣠ ⠡......................
          2.2.     ⠡...................
          2.3.  饥 ࠢ ⠡栬..............
          2.4.  ଠ஢ ⠡...................
          2.5.  樨  ⠡栬....................
          2.6.    㧪 ⠡................
          2.7.  뢮 ⠡  ..................
          2.8.   㭪樨.......................

       3.  ⥫  㯥ઠ..

          3.1.  ᬮ ⠡.........................
          3.2.   ⠡............................
          3.3.  ᪨  㯥ઠ......
          3.4.  ࠢ 묨......................
          3.5.   䠩 㯥ઠ..............
          3.6.   䠩  㯥ઠ 
                ⥬...............................

 .  ᮪ - 㯥ઠ.................


ਫ.    㭪樨 㯥ઠ..............


















                     .  祭 - 㯥ઠ

















                                              














